How to shift multi-module projects to microservice architecture in Java development

How to shift multi-module projects in Java development to microservice architecture

Microservice architecture is a service-oriented architecture pattern that splits the application into a series of independent, Deployable service units communicate with each other through lightweight communication mechanisms. Compared with traditional monolithic application architecture, microservice architecture has the advantages of high cohesion, loose coupling, and independent deployment and expansion. In Java development, the following will introduce detailed steps and specific code examples for how to shift multi-module projects to microservice architecture.

1. Split modules
   First, the multi-module project needs to be split into modules. During the splitting process, it can be divided according to business logic or functional modules, and each module is independently responsible for a specific function. After splitting, each module can be deployed and expanded independently.

Sample code:
Assuming that the original multi-module project contains several modules such as user, order, product, etc., we can split it into independent service modules, such as user-service , order-service, product-service, etc.

2. Introducing the service registration center
   In the microservice architecture, the discovery and invocation of services need to be realized through the service registration center. The service registration center is responsible for maintaining the address and metadata information of each service so that the service can be discovered and called.

Sample code:
You can use Eureka provided by Spring Cloud Netflix as the service registration center. In the configuration file of each service module, configure the address and service name of the Eureka registration center.

3. Use lightweight communication mechanism
   Communication between microservices requires the use of some lightweight communication mechanisms, such as RESTful API or message queue. This can reduce the coupling between services and improve the scalability and loose coupling of the system.

Sample code:
In each service module, you can use the RESTful API provided by Spring MVC or Spring Boot for communication between services. For example, expose an API for obtaining user information in user-service:

@GetMapping("/user/{id}")
public User getUser(@PathVariable String id) {

// 查询数据库获取用户信息
User user = userService.getUserById(id);
return user;

}

4. Introducing the service gateway
   In the microservice architecture, the service gateway is an entrance for unified management, routing and filtering of requests. Through the service gateway, unified authentication, authority control and monitoring can be achieved.

Sample code:
Spring Cloud Gateway can be used as the service gateway. Configure routing rules and filters in the service gateway, such as uniformly adding authentication information, traffic limiting, etc.

5. Introducing the Configuration Center
   Each microservice has its own configuration information. In traditional multi-module projects, it is usually managed through configuration files. However, in the microservice architecture, a configuration center needs to be introduced to centrally manage configuration information to facilitate dynamic configuration and management.

Sample code:
Spring Cloud Config can be used as the configuration center. In the configuration file of each service module, configure the address and configuration file name of the configuration center.

Summary:
Moving a multi-module project to a microservice architecture requires steps such as module splitting, introduction of a service registration center, use of lightweight communication mechanisms, introduction of service gateways and configuration centers. The above steps give specific code examples when switching to microservice architecture in Java development, hoping to help readers understand and practice the conversion process of microservice architecture. Of course, in actual projects, more details and practical experience need to be considered.

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