How to implement the shortest path algorithm in C#

How to implement the shortest path algorithm in C# requires specific code examples

The shortest path algorithm is an important algorithm in graph theory, used to solve a graph The shortest path between two vertices. In this article, we will introduce how to use C# language to implement two classic shortest path algorithms: Dijkstra algorithm and Bellman-Ford algorithm.

Dijkstra's algorithm is a widely used single-source shortest path algorithm. Its basic idea is to start from the starting vertex, gradually expand to other nodes, and update the shortest path of the discovered nodes. The following is a sample code that uses Dijkstra's algorithm to solve the shortest path:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class DijkstraAlgorithm
{
    private int vertexCount;
    private int[] distance;
    private bool[] visited;
    private List<List<int>> adjacencyMatrix;

    public DijkstraAlgorithm(List<List<int>> graph)
    {
        vertexCount = graph.Count;
        distance = new int[vertexCount];
        visited = new bool[vertexCount];
        adjacencyMatrix = graph;
    }

    public void FindShortestPath(int startVertex)
    {
        // 初始化距离数组和访问数组
        for (int i = 0; i < vertexCount; i++)
        {
            distance[i] = int.MaxValue;
            visited[i] = false;
        }

        // 起始顶点到自身的距离为0
        distance[startVertex] = 0;

        for (int i = 0; i < vertexCount - 1; i++)
        {
            int u = FindMinDistance();

            // 标记u为已访问
            visited[u] = true;

            // 更新u的邻接顶点的距离
            for (int v = 0; v < vertexCount; v++)
            {
                if (!visited[v] && adjacencyMatrix[u][v] != 0 && distance[u] != int.MaxValue
                    && distance[u] + adjacencyMatrix[u][v] < distance[v])
                {
                    distance[v] = distance[u] + adjacencyMatrix[u][v];
                }
            }
        }

        // 输出最短路径
        Console.WriteLine("顶点    最短路径");
        for (int i = 0; i < vertexCount; i++)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(i + "    " + distance[i]);
        }
    }

    private int FindMinDistance()
    {
        int minDistance = int.MaxValue;
        int minDistanceIndex = -1;
        for (int i = 0; i < vertexCount; i++)
        {
            if (!visited[i] && distance[i] <= minDistance)
            {
                minDistance = distance[i];
                minDistanceIndex = i;
            }
        }
        return minDistanceIndex;
    }
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        // 构建示例图
        List<List<int>> graph = new List<List<int>>()
        {
            new List<int>() {0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8, 0},
            new List<int>() {4, 0, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0},
            new List<int>() {0, 8, 0, 7, 0, 4, 0, 0, 2},
            new List<int>() {0, 0, 7, 0, 9, 14, 0, 0, 0},
            new List<int>() {0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 10, 0, 0, 0},
            new List<int>() {0, 0, 4, 0, 10, 0, 2, 0, 0},
            new List<int>() {0, 0, 0, 14, 0, 2, 0, 1, 6},
            new List<int>() {8, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 7},
            new List<int>() {0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 6, 7, 0}
        };

        // 使用Dijkstra算法求解最短路径
        DijkstraAlgorithm dijkstraAlgorithm = new DijkstraAlgorithm(graph);
        dijkstraAlgorithm.FindShortestPath(0);
    }
}

The Bellman-Ford algorithm is an algorithm for solving the shortest path problem with negative weight graphs. It uses the idea of ​​dynamic programming to gradually update the shortest path of the vertices. The following is a sample code that uses the Bellman-Ford algorithm to solve the shortest path:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class BellmanFordAlgorithm
{
    private int vertexCount;
    private int[] distance;
    private List<Edge> edges;

    private class Edge
    {
        public int source;
        public int destination;
        public int weight;

        public Edge(int source, int destination, int weight)
        {
            this.source = source;
            this.destination = destination;
            this.weight = weight;
        }
    }

    public BellmanFordAlgorithm(int vertexCount)
    {
        this.vertexCount = vertexCount;
        distance = new int[vertexCount];
        edges = new List<Edge>();
    }

    public void AddEdge(int source, int destination, int weight)
    {
        edges.Add(new Edge(source, destination, weight));
    }

    public void FindShortestPath(int startVertex)
    {
        // 初始化距离数组
        for (int i = 0; i < vertexCount; i++)
        {
            distance[i] = int.MaxValue;
        }

        // 起始顶点到自身的距离为0
        distance[startVertex] = 0;

        // 迭代vertexCount-1次，更新距离
        for (int i = 0; i < vertexCount - 1; i++)
        {
            foreach (Edge edge in edges)
            {
                if (distance[edge.source] != int.MaxValue && distance[edge.source] + edge.weight < distance[edge.destination])
                {
                    distance[edge.destination] = distance[edge.source] + edge.weight;
                }
            }
        }

        // 检查是否存在负权环路
        foreach (Edge edge in edges)
        {
            if (distance[edge.source] != int.MaxValue && distance[edge.source] + edge.weight < distance[edge.destination])
            {
                Console.WriteLine("图中存在负权环路");
                return;
            }
        }

        // 输出最短路径
        Console.WriteLine("顶点    最短路径");
        for (int i = 0; i < vertexCount; i++)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(i + "    " + distance[i]);
        }
    }
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        // 构建示例图
        int vertexCount = 5;
        BellmanFordAlgorithm bellmanFordAlgorithm = new BellmanFordAlgorithm(vertexCount);
        bellmanFordAlgorithm.AddEdge(0, 1, 6);
        bellmanFordAlgorithm.AddEdge(0, 2, 7);
        bellmanFordAlgorithm.AddEdge(1, 2, 8);
        bellmanFordAlgorithm.AddEdge(1, 4, -4);
        bellmanFordAlgorithm.AddEdge(1, 3, 5);
        bellmanFordAlgorithm.AddEdge(2, 4, 9);
        bellmanFordAlgorithm.AddEdge(2, 3, -3);
        bellmanFordAlgorithm.AddEdge(3, 1, -2);
        bellmanFordAlgorithm.AddEdge(4, 3, 7);

        // 使用Bellman-Ford算法求解最短路径
        bellmanFordAlgorithm.FindShortestPath(0);
    }
}

The above is a sample code that uses the C# language to implement the Dijkstra algorithm and the Bellman-Ford algorithm. With these two algorithms, we can solve the shortest path problem in the graph.

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