How to use MongoDB to develop a simple smart home system

How to use MongoDB to develop a simple smart home system

Smart home systems have become a part of modern family life. With the help of smart home systems, we can remotely control various devices in the home, such as lights, appliances, door locks, etc., through mobile phones or other devices. This article will introduce how to use MongoDB to develop a simple smart home system and provide specific code examples for readers' reference.

1. System requirements analysis

Before starting development, we first need to clarify the system requirements. A simple smart home system should have the following functions:

1. User login and registration: Users can use the system by registering an account and logging in.
2. Device management: Users can add, delete and control various devices, such as lights, appliances, door locks, etc.
3. Scheduled tasks: Users can set scheduled tasks, such as switching on and off lights or electrical appliances at scheduled times.
4. History record: The system should record the user's control history of the device so that the user can view it.

2. Database design

Based on the above requirements, we can design the following database structure:

1. User table (users):

   • _id: User ID
   • username: Username
   • password: Password

2. Device table ( devices):

   • _id: device ID
   • name: device name
   • type: device type
   • status: device status (on/off )
   • user_id: User ID

3. Scheduled task list (tasks):

   • _id: Task ID
   • name: task name
   • device_id: device ID
   • user_id: user ID
   • time: task execution time

4. Operation record table (records):

   • _id: Record ID
   • device_id: Device ID
   • user_id: User ID
   • action: operation (on/off)
   • time: operation time

3. System development

Next, we will use MongoDB and Node.js to develop smart home systems.

1. Environment preparation

First, make sure you have installed Node.js and MongoDB and start the MongoDB service.

2. Create project and install dependencies

Execute the following commands on the command line to create a new Node.js project and install the corresponding dependencies:

mkdir smart-home-system
cd smart-home-system
npm init -y
npm install express mongodb

3. Create database connection

Create a db.js file in the root directory and add the following content:

const { MongoClient } = require('mongodb');

async function connect() {
    try {
        const client = await MongoClient.connect('mongodb://localhost:27017');
        const db = client.db('smart-home-system');
        console.log('Connected to the database');
        return db;
    } catch (error) {
        console.log('Failed to connect to the database');
        throw error;
    }
}

module.exports = { connect };

4. Create routes and controllers

Create a routes folder in the root directory and add the following routing file devices.js:

const express = require('express');
const { ObjectId } = require('mongodb');
const { connect } = require('../db');

const router = express.Router();

router.get('/', async (req, res) => {
    try {
        const db = await connect();
        const devices = await db.collection('devices').find().toArray();
        res.json(devices);
    } catch (error) {
        res.status(500).json({ error: error.message });
    }
});

router.post('/', async (req, res) => {
    try {
        const { name, type, status, user_id } = req.body;
        const db = await connect();
        const result = await db.collection('devices').insertOne({
            name,
            type,
            status,
            user_id: ObjectId(user_id),
        });
        res.json(result.ops[0]);
    } catch (error) {
        res.status(500).json({ error: error.message });
    }
});

module.exports = router;

Create a controllers folder in the root directory and add the following controller file devicesController.js:

const { connect } = require('../db');

async function getDevices() {
    try {
        const db = await connect();
        const devices = await db.collection('devices').find().toArray();
        return devices;
    } catch (error) {
        throw error;
    }
}

async function createDevice(device) {
    try {
        const db = await connect();
        const result = await db.collection('devices').insertOne(device);
        return result.ops[0];
    } catch (error) {
        throw error;
    }
}

module.exports = {
    getDevices,
    createDevice,
};

5. Create entry file

Create a index.js file in the root directory and add the following content:

const express = require('express');
const devicesRouter = require('./routes/devices');

const app = express();

app.use(express.json());

app.use('/devices', devicesRouter);

app.listen(3000, () => {
    console.log('Server is running on port 3000');
});

At this point, we have completed the development of a simple smart home system. Including user login and registration, device management, scheduled tasks and operation recording functions.

4. Summary

This article introduces how to use MongoDB to develop a simple smart home system. By using the combination of MongoDB and Node.js, we can easily handle data storage and processing. Readers can further expand this system and add more functions according to specific needs.

The code examples provided in this article are for reference only. Readers should modify and improve them according to actual needs during actual development.

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