Linux下PhpMyAdmin程序目录的安全管理_PHP
phpmyadminLinux安全
Linux下开发Web程序，现在很流行的开发方法为：用PHP开发Web程序，用Apache做Web Server，Mysql充当后台管理数据库。这种组合使得开发Web程序简单、安全、效率高。由于程序是在Linux下运行，虽免去了版权费用，对数据库的管理却少了Windows下的图形界面管理工具，因此使用起来有点困难。现在有了一套由php开发爱好者写的管理Linux下数据库的程序， phpMyAdmin可极好的解决使用的易用性问题。PhpMyAdmin对管理Linux下的数据库行之有效，用户可以通过web浏览器新建删除数据库，增加、删除、修改表结构和表数据，还可以通过表单形式提交查询语句，返回数据结果。因此，现在很多的Linux服务器都使用phpMyAdmin管理数据库。PhpMyAdmin是一套放在服务器端的通过浏览器界面管理的程序，因此，确保其目录安全性十分重要，否则，将导致数据被盗取甚至遭到恶意破坏。下面将详细讲述一般的防范措施。
一、 修改phpMyAdmin目录名：
在不修改目录名前，其他人很容易洞察该目录名，造成安全隐患。如，假设一台Linux主机的域名为：www.test.com，那么不修改目录名的情况下，在地址栏中输入：www.test.com/phpMyAdmin/ 就将进入phpMyAdmin管理程序。因此如果将phpMyAdmin目录改名为一个别人不易知道的目录，如mynameadmin，这样，你在管理自己的数据库时，只要键入：www.test.com/mynameadmin/ 就可以通过浏览器管理数据库了。（注：下面仍将使用phpMyAdmin目录名，如果目录名已换，只需把phpMyAdmin改名为新的目录名即可。）
二、 对phpMyAdmin目录加用户身份验证：
这是很多网站需要用户验证时普遍使用的方法，这样当用户第一次浏览进入该目录时，都将出现一个提示窗口，提示用户输入用户名和密码验证，其是通过使用Apache Server的标准 mod_auth模块实现的，具体操作方法如下：
1、VI编辑Apache Server配置文件，确保文件中如下两句话没有加注释，如果这两句话前有"#"符号，去掉"#"号。
DocumentRoot /data/web/apache/public/htdocs
AccessFileName . htaccess
AllOerride All
2、passwd程序创建用户文件：
htpasswd - c /data/web/apache/secrects/.htpasswd 88998
其中，-c表示选项告诉htpasswd你想生成一个新的用户文件，/data/web/apache/secrects/ 是你想存放 .htpasswd 文件的目录，文件名称为 .htpasswd，88998 是在验证时所用到的用户名，敲如以上命令后，系统提示你输入密码，这个密码就是验证时所需要用到的密码，该密码在 .htpasswd 文件中是加密的。现在用more来查看 /data/web/apache/secrects/.htpasswd文件，可以看到其中有一行用户名和一串加密密码。
3、创建 .htaccess 文件：
使用文本编辑器，在目录 phpMyAdmin （如果已经改名，就是新的目录名）下创建 .htaccess 文件，在文件中加入如下语句：
AuthName "用户验证"
AuthType Basic
AuthUserFile /data/web/apache/public/htdocs/phpMyAdmin/.htpasswd
require user 88998
保存所做操作后，再去看phpMyAdmin目录，将提示验证窗口，输入刚用 htpasswd 命令创建的用户名和密码，即可进入该目录。
三、 增加基于主机的访问控制：
在修改了目录名和增加访问验证机制后，应该说现在的phpMyAdmin已经很安全了，但由于phpMyAdmin目录一般只是数据库管理员使用，为防止别人还知道目录名称和验证密码，还可以增加如下的基于主机的访问控制，基于主机的访问是通过验证用户机器IP来实现的，即只有符合条件的IP才可以反问该目录，否则拒绝访问。
修改 .htaccess 文件如下：
AuthName "用户验证"
AuthType Basic
AuthUserFile /data/web/apache/public/htdocs/phpMyAdmin/.htpasswd
require user 88998
order deny,allow
deny from all
allow from 202.100.222.80
这里增加了三条基于主机访问控制指令，其中第一条 order 指令的值是由一个逗号隔开的名单，这个名单表明了哪一个指令更高的优先权，第二条指令 deny 定义不能访问该目录的主机，第三条指令 allow 定义可以访问该目录的主机，这样，该目录除了IP地址为 202.100.222.80 的机器可以访问该目录之外，其他的都不能访问，读者可以把该地址该为用户数据库管理员IP。
总结：通过以上三点相结合，就可很好的确保 phpMyAdmin 目录的安全，非数据库管理员将很难通过phpMyAdmin程序读取数据。这里所讲的是针对于phpMyAdmin目录进行讲述，其他目录如需加访问限制，也可依此方法操作。
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