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How to use Java to develop a Web application based on the Spring framework

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Release： 2023-09-21 09:09:19

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How to use Java to develop a Web application based on the Spring framework

The Spring framework is a very popular Java development framework that provides a powerful programming and configuration model , used to build various types of applications, including web applications. In this article, I will introduce how to use Java to develop a Web application based on the Spring framework and provide some specific code examples.

Installing and configuring the development environment

First, you need to install the Java development environment (JDK) and the Apache Maven build tool on your computer. You can then bring in the Spring framework and other related libraries by adding the following dependencies in Maven's pom.xml file:

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifacsgtId>
        <version>5.2.3.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 其他依赖项 -->
</dependencies>

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Create Spring MVC configuration

In In the Spring framework, web applications are usually implemented using the MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture. You can set up the basic settings of Spring MVC, such as view resolvers and controllers, by creating a configuration class.

@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.example")
public class MvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
    // 配置视图解析器
    @Bean
    public InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver() {
        InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
        viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/views/");
        viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
        return viewResolver;
    }
  
    // 配置静态资源处理
    @Override
    public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) {
        configurer.enable();
    }
}

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Create a controller

The controller is responsible for processing requests from users and performing corresponding operations based on the request type and parameters. You can create a class with the @Controller annotation and use the @RequestMapping annotation to specify the requested URL path and define the corresponding processing method.

@Controller
public class HelloWorldController {
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(Model model) {
        model.addAttribute("message", "Hello, World!");
        return "hello-page";
    }
}

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Creating Views

The view is the display part of the web application and is responsible for generating the HTML content that the user will see in the browser. You can use JSP or a templating engine like Thymeleaf to create views.

In this example, we create a JSP page named hello-page.jsp to display the "Hello, World!" message:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Hello World</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>${message}</h1>
</body>
</html>

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Configuring the Web Application

Finally, you need to create a web.xml file to configure the web application and forward requests to Spring MVC’s DispatcherServlet .

<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
    id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
    <display-name>MyWebApp</display-name>
  
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextClass</param-name>
            <param-value>org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>com.example.MvcConfig</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
  
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

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The above is the basic configuration and code example of a simple Web application based on the Spring framework. You can further expand and add functionality based on your needs. I hope this article has been helpful for you to start developing web applications using the Spring framework.

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