Building a distributed system: using Nginx Proxy Manager to implement service discovery and routing

Building a distributed system: using Nginx Proxy Manager to implement service discovery and routing

Overview:
In modern distributed systems, service discovery and routing are Very important feature. Service discovery allows the system to automatically discover and register available service instances, while routing ensures that requests are correctly forwarded to the appropriate service instance. In this article, we will introduce how to leverage Nginx Proxy Manager to build a simple yet powerful service discovery and routing solution, and provide specific code examples.

1. Understand Nginx Proxy Manager
   Nginx Proxy Manager is an Nginx-based proxy server manager that provides an easy-to-use web interface to configure and manage reverse proxy servers. It supports HTTP, HTTPS, TCP and UDP proxies, and can implement functions such as request load balancing and SSL termination.
2. Install and configure Nginx Proxy Manager
   First, we need to install Nginx Proxy Manager. It can be installed through the following command:

npm install -g nginx-proxy-manager

After the installation is complete, you can use the following command to start Nginx Proxy Manager:

npm start

After starting, you can access http:/ through the browser /localhost:81 to open the web interface of Nginx Proxy Manager. When accessing for the first time, you need to set an administrator username and password.

3. Configuring Service Discovery
   In the web interface of Nginx Proxy Manager, you can configure service discovery by adding "Upstreams". Each Upstream represents a service, which contains multiple instances (nodes). In each Upstream, you can specify the IP address and port number of the instance.

The following is an example Upstream configuration:

Name: my_service
Servers:
- Name: server1
  Address: 192.168.0.1:8000
- Name: server2
  Address: 192.168.0.2:8000

In this configuration, we created an Upstream named my_service, which contains two instances, namely 192.168.0.1 :8000 and 192.168.0.2:8000.

4. Configure routing
   In the web interface of Nginx Proxy Manager, you can configure routing by adding "Proxy Hosts". Each Proxy Host represents a routing rule, which defines the source and destination of requests.

The following is a sample Proxy Host configuration:

Domain Name: mydomain.com
Path: /myroute
Upstream: my_service

In this configuration, we create a route that forwards all requests from mydomain.com/myroute to my_service Upstream rule.

5. Using sample code
   To demonstrate the use of Nginx Proxy Manager, the following is a simple Node.js sample code to start an HTTP server and register it as an instance of the service Go to Nginx Proxy Manager:

const express = require('express');
const app = express();

app.get('/', (req, res) => {
  res.send('Hello, world!');
});

app.listen(8000, () => {
  console.log('Server is running on http://localhost:8000');
  // TODO: Register the server with Nginx Proxy Manager
});

In this sample code, we start an HTTP server listening on port 8000. In order to register the service with Nginx Proxy Manager, you need to add the corresponding registration code in the callback function that starts the server.

You can use the API provided by Nginx Proxy Manager to register and deregister service instances. The following is a sample code for registering a service instance with Nginx Proxy Manager:

const axios = require('axios');

const registerInstance = async (name, address) => {
  try {
    await axios.post('http://localhost:81/api/proxy/host', {
      name,
      target: address,
    });
    console.log(`Instance ${name} registered successfully`);
  } catch (error) {
    console.error(`Failed to register instance ${name}`, error);
  }
};

// Register the server instance with Nginx Proxy Manager
registerInstance('server1', 'http://192.168.0.1:8000');

In this sample code, we use the axios library to send HTTP requests. Register a service instance by calling the registerInstance function, passing the instance name and address to the Nginx Proxy Manager's API. You need to ensure that the address requested by the API is consistent with the actual address of Nginx Proxy Manager.

By running this sample code on multiple servers, you can register them as instances of the service and use the Nginx Proxy Manager to implement service discovery and routing.

Summary:
By using Nginx Proxy Manager to build the service discovery and routing functions of the distributed system, the configuration and management of the system can be simplified and the reliability and scalability of the system can be improved. This article introduces the installation and configuration method of Nginx Proxy Manager, and provides specific code examples to demonstrate how to register service instances and configure routing rules. Readers can further adjust and extend these code examples to meet the needs of their own distributed systems.

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