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React server-side rendering guide: How to improve the performance of front-end applications

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Release： 2023-09-26 12:33:36

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React server-side rendering guide: How to improve the performance of front-end applications

React Server-side Rendering Guide: How to Improve the Performance of Front-End Applications

Abstract: With the continuous development of front-end application development, performance optimization has become a pivotal issue. Server-side Rendering (SSR), as an effective way to improve the performance of front-end applications, is chosen by more and more developers. This article will introduce the principles and practices of React server-side rendering, and give specific code examples to help readers improve the performance of front-end applications.

What is server-side rendering (SSR)?

Server-side rendering is a technology that runs front-end code on the server side and generates HTML pages. Traditional front-end applications use JavaScript to render pages on the browser side. When users visit, the browser downloads and executes the JavaScript code to generate page content. Server-side rendering advances this process to the server side and generates a complete HTML page when the user requests it, reducing the burden on the browser and improving page loading speed and user experience.

The principle of React server-side rendering

React is a component-based JavaScript library, and its advantage lies in the use of virtual DOM (Virtual DOM). Virtual DOM is a technology that React uses to represent component trees as JavaScript objects. By comparing the differences between the virtual DOM trees rendered before and after, it can reduce browser redrawing and rearrangement and improve page rendering efficiency.

In server-side rendering, React will first render the component into HTML in the form of a string through the ReactDOMServer.renderToString method. This HTML string is then sent to the browser, and the browser simply inserts the HTML string into the page to complete the rendering.

How to implement React server-side rendering?

First, we need to use a Node.js server framework, such as Express, to create a server.

// server.js
const express = require('express');
const React = require('react');
const { renderToString } = require('react-dom/server');
const App = require('./App'); // 你的React应用根组件

const app = express();

app.get('/', (req, res) => {
  res.send(`
    <html>
      <head>
        <title>React SSR</title>
      </head>
      <body>
        <div id="root">${renderToString(<App />)}</div>
        <script src="/bundle.js"></script>
      </body>
    </html>
  `);
});

app.listen(3000, () => {
  console.log('Server is running on port 3000');
});

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The above code is a simple server-side rendering example, where App is your React application root component.

Next, we need to write a build script to package our React application into a bundle.js file on the server side.

// build.js
const webpack = require('webpack');
const webpackConfig = require('./webpack.config');

const compiler = webpack(webpackConfig);

compiler.run((error, stats) => {
  if (error || stats.hasErrors()) {
    console.error('Build failed.');
    return;
  }
  console.log('Build successful.')
});

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Finally, on the browser side we need to introduce the bundle.js file into the page.

<!-- index.html -->
<html>
  <head>
    <title>React SSR</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div id="root"></div>
    <script src="/bundle.js"></script>
  </body>
</html>

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Further optimize the performance of server-side rendering

Although server-side rendering can improve the performance of front-end applications, there are still some performance bottlenecks. Here are some suggestions for further optimizing server-side rendering performance.

Use caching: By storing rendering results in the cache, you can avoid rendering the same page repeatedly. This can be achieved using caching technologies such as Redis or Memcached.
Asynchronous loading: For some operations that may block page rendering, such as requesting data, accessing the database, etc., you should try to use asynchronous methods.
Code splitting: Split the application code into multiple small pieces and load them on demand to avoid loading the entire application.

Conclusion

This article introduces the principles and practices of React server-side rendering, as well as suggestions for further optimizing server-side rendering performance. Through server-side rendering, we can improve the performance of front-end applications and optimize user experience. I hope the above content can help readers better understand and apply React server-side rendering technology.

Reference materials:

React official documentation: https://reactjs.org/
ReactDOMServer documentation: https://reactjs.org/docs/react -dom-server.html
Express framework documentation: https://expressjs.com/

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