Golang and FFmpeg: How to implement video frame interception and scaling

Golang and FFmpeg: How to implement video frame interception and scaling, specific code examples are required

Overview:
As the demand for video processing increases, people are increasingly The more inclined I am to use Golang as a programming language for video processing. As the most popular open source multimedia processing framework in the industry, FFmpeg provides rich functions to process audio and video data. This article will introduce how to use Golang to call FFmpeg to implement video frame interception and scaling functions, and provide corresponding code examples.

Prerequisites:
Before you start, you need to ensure that FFmpeg is installed on your machine and the correct environment variables are configured.

Video frame interception:
First, let’s take a look at how to implement video frame interception. In FFmpeg, you can use the "avformat" module to read video files and the "avcodec" module to decode video frames. The following is a simple sample code:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "log"

    "github.com/giorgisio/goav/avcodec"
    "github.com/giorgisio/goav/avformat"
)

func main() {
    // 打开视频文件
    formatContext := avformat.AvformatAllocContext()
    if err := avformat.AvformatOpenInput(&formatContext, "/path/to/video.mp4", nil, nil); err != nil {
        log.Fatal("无法打开视频文件:", err)
    }
    defer avformat.AvformatFreeContext(formatContext)

    // 查找视频流
    if err := formatContext.AvformatFindStreamInfo(nil); err != nil {
        log.Fatal("无法查找视频流:", err)
    }

    var videoStreamIndex int32 = -1
    for i, stream := range formatContext.Streams() {
        if stream.CodecParameters().CodecType() == avformat.AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO {
            videoStreamIndex = int32(i)
            break
        }
    }

    if videoStreamIndex == -1 {
        log.Fatal("找不到视频流")
    }

    // 找到视频解码器
    videoDecoder := avcodec.AvcodecFindDecoder(avcodec.CodecId(formatContext.Streams()[videoStreamIndex].CodecParameters().CodecId()))
    if videoDecoder == nil {
        log.Fatal("无法找到视频解码器")
    }

    // 打开解码器上下文
    videoCodecContext := avcodec.AvcodecAllocContext3(videoDecoder)
    if err := avcodec.AvcodecParametersToContext(videoCodecContext, formatContext.Streams()[videoStreamIndex].CodecParameters()); err != nil {
        log.Fatal("无法打开解码器上下文:", err)
    }

    if err := videoCodecContext.AvcodecOpen2(videoDecoder, nil); err != nil {
        log.Fatal("无法打开解码器:", err)
    }
    defer avcodec.AvcodecFreeContext(videoCodecContext)

    // 读取视频帧
    packet := avcodec.AvPacketAlloc()
    defer avcodec.AvPacketFree(packet)

    for formatContext.AvReadFrame(packet) >= 0 {
        if packet.StreamIndex() == videoStreamIndex {
            frame := avutil.AvFrameAlloc()
            defer avutil.AvFrameFree(frame)

            if err := videoCodecContext.AvcodecSendPacket(packet); err == nil {
                for videoCodecContext.AvcodecReceiveFrame(frame) == nil {
                    // 处理视频帧
                    fmt.Printf("视频帧：%d
", frame.Pts())
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

In the above code, we first use avformat.AvformatAllocContext() to allocate a format context object, and use avformat.AvformatOpenInput() A video file was opened. Then, we use avformat.AvformatFindStreamInfo() to find the video stream, and then use avformat.AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO to determine whether it is a video stream.

Next, we use avcodec.AvcodecFindDecoder() to find a suitable decoder, and use avcodec.AvcodecParametersToContext() and avcodec.AvcodecOpen2( )Opened the decoder context.

Finally, we use formatContext.AvReadFrame() to read the video frames and process each frame in videoCodecContext.AvcodecReceiveFrame(). In this example, we simply print the PTS value for each frame.

Video scaling:
Next, let’s take a look at how to achieve video frame scaling. In FFmpeg, you can use the "swscale" module to scale video frames. The following is a simple sample code:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "image"
    "log"
    "os"

    "github.com/giorgisio/goav/avcodec"
    "github.com/giorgisio/goav/avformat"
    "github.com/giorgisio/goav/swscale"
    "github.com/nfnt/resize"
)

func main() {
    // 打开视频文件
    formatContext := avformat.AvformatAllocContext()
    if err := avformat.AvformatOpenInput(&formatContext, "/path/to/video.mp4", nil, nil); err != nil {
        log.Fatal("无法打开视频文件:", err)
    }
    defer avformat.AvformatFreeContext(formatContext)

    // 查找视频流
    if err := formatContext.AvformatFindStreamInfo(nil); err != nil {
        log.Fatal("无法查找视频流:", err)
    }

    var videoStreamIndex int32 = -1
    for i, stream := range formatContext.Streams() {
        if stream.CodecParameters().CodecType() == avformat.AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO {
            videoStreamIndex = int32(i)
            break
        }
    }

    if videoStreamIndex == -1 {
        log.Fatal("找不到视频流")
    }

    // 找到视频解码器
    videoDecoder := avcodec.AvcodecFindDecoder(avcodec.CodecId(formatContext.Streams()[videoStreamIndex].CodecParameters().CodecId()))
    if videoDecoder == nil {
        log.Fatal("无法找到视频解码器")
    }

    // 打开解码器上下文
    videoCodecContext := avcodec.AvcodecAllocContext3(videoDecoder)
    if err := avcodec.AvcodecParametersToContext(videoCodecContext, formatContext.Streams()[videoStreamIndex].CodecParameters()); err != nil {
        log.Fatal("无法打开解码器上下文:", err)
    }

    if err := videoCodecContext.AvcodecOpen2(videoDecoder, nil); err != nil {
        log.Fatal("无法打开解码器:", err)
    }
    defer avcodec.AvcodecFreeContext(videoCodecContext)

    // 创建视频缩放上下文
    swscaleContext := swscale.SwsGetContext(
        videoCodecContext.Width(), videoCodecContext.Height(), videoCodecContext.PixFmt(),
        videoCodecContext.Width()/2, videoCodecContext.Height()/2, avcodec.AV_PIX_FMT_RGB24,
        0, nil, nil, nil,
    )
    defer swscale.SwsFreeContext(swscaleContext)

    // 创建输出视频文件
    outfile, err := os.Create("/path/to/output.mp4")
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal("无法创建输出视频文件:", err)
    }
    defer outfile.Close()

    // 创建视频编码器
    videoEncoder := avcodec.AvcodecFindEncoder(avcodec.AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG4)
    if videoEncoder == nil {
        log.Fatal("无法找到视频编码器")
    }

    // 创建编码器上下文
    videoCodecCtx := avcodec.AvcodecAllocContext3(videoEncoder)
    videoCodecCtx.SetBitRate(400000)
    videoCodecCtx.SetWidth(videoCodecContext.Width() / 2)
    videoCodecCtx.SetHeight(videoCodecContext.Height() / 2)
    videoCodecCtx.SetTimeBase(avformat.AVR{Num: 1, Den: 25})
    videoCodecCtx.SetPixFmt(avcodec.AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P)

    // 打开编码器上下文
    if err := videoCodecCtx.AvcodecOpen2(videoEncoder, nil); err != nil {
        log.Fatal("无法打开编码器上下文:", err)
    }
    defer avcodec.AvcodecFreeContext(videoCodecCtx)

    // 写入视频文件头
    formatContext.SetOutput(outfile)
    if err := formatContext.AvformatWriteHeader(nil); err != nil {
        log.Fatal("无法写入视频文件头:", err)
    }
    defer formatContext.AvformatFreeOutputContext()

    // 准备编码帧和缩放帧
    encodeFrame := avutil.AvFrameAlloc()
    defer avutil.AvFrameFree(encodeFrame)

    encodeFrame.SetWidth(videoCodecCtx.Width())
    encodeFrame.SetHeight(videoCodecCtx.Height())
    encodeFrame.SetFormat(int32(videoCodecCtx.PixFmt()))

    frameSize := avcodec.AvpixelAvImageGetBufferSize(avcodec.AV_PIX_FMT_RGB24, videoCodecCtx.Width()/2, videoCodecCtx.Height()/2, 1)
    encodeFrameBuffer := avutil.AvMalloc(frameSize)
    defer avutil.AvFree(encodeFrameBuffer)

    encodeFrame.AvpixelAvImageFillArrays(encodeFrameBuffer, 1)

    for formatContext.AvReadFrame(packet) >= 0 {
        if packet.StreamIndex() == videoStreamIndex {
            frame := avutil.AvFrameAlloc()
            defer avutil.AvFrameFree(frame)

            if err := videoCodecContext.AvcodecSendPacket(packet); err != nil {
                log.Fatal("无法发送视频包:", err)
            }

            for videoCodecContext.AvcodecReceiveFrame(frame) == nil {
                // 缩放视频帧
                swscale.SwsScale(
                    swscaleContext,
                    frame.Data(), frame.Linesize(),
                    0, frame.Height(),
                    encodeFrame.Data(), encodeFrame.Linesize(),
                )

                // 编码视频帧
                encodeFrame.SetPts(frame.Pts())
                packet := avcodec.AvPacketAlloc()
                if err := avcodec.AvcodecSendFrame(videoCodecCtx, encodeFrame); err != nil {
                    log.Fatal("无法发送编码帧:", err)
                }

                if err := avcodec.AvcodecReceivePacket(videoCodecCtx, packet); err != nil {
                    log.Fatal("无法接收编码包:", err)
                }
                defer avcodec.AvPacketFree(packet)

                // 写入编码后的帧到文件
                if err := formatContext.AvWriteFrame(packet); err != nil {
                    log.Fatal("无法写入帧到文件:", err)
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // 写入视频文件尾
    if err := formatContext.AvWriteTrailer(); err != nil {
        log.Fatal("无法写入视频文件尾:", err)
    }
}

In the above code, we create a video scaling context swscaleContext whose input is the size of the original video frame and the output is the scaled video The size of the frame. We also create a new encoder context videoCodecCtx that is half the size of the original video frame and set it to YUV420P pixel format.

After reading each frame of video, we use the swscale.SwsScale() function to scale it to the specified size, and send the scaled video frame to the encoder Encode. We then write the encoded frames to the output video file.

Summary:
The combination of Golang and FFmpeg provides developers with a powerful video processing tool. In this article, we introduce how to use Golang to call FFmpeg to implement video frame interception and scaling functions, and provide corresponding code examples. Hopefully these examples will help you better understand how to use Golang and FFmpeg to process video data.

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