How to implement asynchronous task processing using Celery, Redis and Django

How to use Celery, Redis and Django to implement asynchronous task processing

Introduction:
When developing web applications, we often encounter things that require a lot of time time to perform tasks, such as sending emails, generating PDF files, etc. If these tasks are executed in the main thread, the user will have to wait for the task execution to be completed before receiving a response, affecting the user experience. In order to improve performance, we can use asynchronous task processing to execute these time-consuming tasks in the background so that users can get responses quickly. This article will introduce how to use Celery, Redis and Django to implement asynchronous task processing, and give detailed code examples.

1. What is Celery, Redis and Django

1. Celery is an asynchronous task processing library based on distributed message transmission. It can split tasks into multiple subtasks and distribute them Concurrent execution on different worker nodes. Celery supports multiple message transmission methods, such as RabbitMQ, Redis, etc.
2. Redis is a high-performance key-value pair storage database that can be used to store intermediate results and status information of Celery tasks.
3. Django is a high-level Python web framework for developing web applications.

2. Install and configure Celery, Redis and Django

1. Install Celery and Redis:

   pip install celery
   pip install redis

2. Configuration Celery:
   Add the following configuration in the settings.py file of the Django project:

   # Celery配置
   CELERY_BROKER_URL = 'redis://localhost:6379/0'
   CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND = 'redis://localhost:6379/0'
   CELERY_ACCEPT_CONTENT = ['json']
   CELERY_RESULT_SERIALIZER = 'json'
   CELERY_TASK_SERIALIZER = 'json'
   CELERY_TIMEZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

   It is assumed that Redis is running locally and the port is 6379.

3. Create a Django application and asynchronous task:
   Create an application in the Django project and define an asynchronous task.

   # 创建Django应用
   python manage.py startapp myapp
   
   # 在myapp/tasks.py中定义异步任务
   from celery import shared_task
   
   @shared_task
   def send_email_task(email):
    # 发送邮件的逻辑

   4. Write Django views and test asynchronous tasks

4. Write Django views:
   Write a view function in the views.py file of the Django application, use For receiving user requests and calling asynchronous tasks.

   from django.shortcuts import render
   from myapp.tasks import send_email_task
   
   def send_email(request):
    # 获取用户请求参数
    email = request.GET.get('email')
    # 调用异步任务
    send_email_task.delay(email)
    return render(request, 'send_email.html')

5. Create a Django template:
   Create a send_email.html template file in the templates directory of the Django application to display the results of sending emails.

6. Start Celery worker:
   Execute the following command in the command line to start Celery worker:

   celery -A your_django_project_name worker --loglevel=info

7. Test asynchronous tasks:
   Start Django Develop the server, access the URL for sending emails, and pass the email parameters. Celery will put the task into the message queue and execute it in the background.

   http://localhost:8000/send_email?email=test@example.com

Summary:
Using Celery, Redis and Django can easily implement asynchronous task processing. By executing time-consuming tasks in the background, the performance and user experience of web applications can be greatly improved. In actual development, tasks can also be optimized and expanded according to specific needs, such as setting the priority and timeout of tasks, handling task execution failures, etc. I hope this article can help you understand and use Celery, Redis and Django to implement asynchronous task processing.

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