Elegant collaboration between Go WaitGroup and message queue

The elegant collaboration between Go WaitGroup and message queue requires specific code examples

In modern software development, concurrent programming is an inevitable topic. Especially when dealing with large-scale data and high concurrent requests, it is very important to effectively manage concurrent operations.

As a powerful concurrent programming language, Go language provides rich concurrency primitives to help developers achieve efficient concurrent operations. Among them, WaitGroup and message queue are widely used to implement asynchronous collaboration mode.

WaitGroup is an important structure in the Go language standard library. It can help us wait for the execution of a group of goroutines to complete. WaitGroup is very useful when we start multiple goroutines and want them to finish executing before continuing to the next step.

The process of waiting for a group of goroutines to be executed can be implemented through three methods in WaitGroup:

• Add(n int): Add n waiting goroutines to WaitGroup.
• Done(): The Done() method is called after each goroutine is executed, indicating that a goroutine has been executed.
• Wait(): The main goroutine calls the Wait() method to wait for all waiting goroutines to complete execution.

The following is a simple sample code that uses WaitGroup to implement the function of waiting for multiple goroutines to complete execution:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
    "time"
)

func main() {
    var wg sync.WaitGroup
    
    for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
        wg.Add(1) // 启动5个goroutine，需要调用5次Add(1)
        go func(i int) {
            defer wg.Done() // 每个goroutine执行完毕后调用Done()
            fmt.Println("goroutine", i, "started")
            time.Sleep(time.Second)
            fmt.Println("goroutine", i, "finished")
        }(i)
    }

    wg.Wait() // 主goroutine等待所有goroutine执行完毕
    fmt.Println("all goroutines finished")
}

In the above code, we tell it through the Add method of WaitGroup WaitGroup We have 5 goroutines to wait for, and then call the Done method after each goroutine is executed. Finally, the main goroutine calls the Wait method to wait for all goroutines to be executed.

Message queue is another commonly used concurrent programming pattern, which is very convenient when handling asynchronous tasks and decoupling communication between different components. The message queue can handle the scheduling and distribution of concurrent tasks very well, so that each task can be executed on demand.

In the Go language, we can use channel to implement the message queue function. The following is a simple example code that uses channel to implement the function of message queue:

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    tasks := make(chan int) // 创建一个整数类型的channel

    go func() {
        for i := 1; i <= 10; i++ {
            tasks <- i // 把任务发送到channel中
        }
        close(tasks) // 关闭channel，表示没有更多任务了
    }()

    for task := range tasks {
        fmt.Println("processing task", task)
        // 处理任务的逻辑...
    }

    fmt.Println("all tasks finished")
}

In the above code, we create a channel of integer type and then send it to the channel in a separate goroutine 10 missions. The main goroutine receives tasks from the channel through a loop and handles the logic of the tasks.

Combining WaitGroup and message queue can achieve more complex concurrent programming patterns. For example, in a task scheduling system, we can use WaitGroup to wait for all tasks to be executed, and each task can independently use the message queue to process specific subtasks.

The following is a sample code that demonstrates how to use WaitGroup and message queue to cooperate for task scheduling:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
    "time"
)

func main() {
    var wg sync.WaitGroup
    tasks := make(chan int) // 创建一个整数类型的channel

    wg.Add(1) // 增加1个等待的goroutine
    go func() {
        defer wg.Done() // 当前goroutine执行完毕后调用Done()

        for task := range tasks {
            fmt.Println("processing task", task)
            // 处理任务的逻辑...
            time.Sleep(time.Second)
        }
    }()

    for i := 1; i <= 10; i++ {
        tasks <- i // 把任务发送到channel中
    }
    close(tasks) // 关闭channel，表示没有更多任务了

    wg.Wait() // 等待所有任务执行完毕

    fmt.Println("all tasks finished")
}

In the above code, we create an integer type channel for receiving tasks . Then a goroutine is started, in which tasks are received from the channel and processed. The main goroutine is responsible for sending tasks to the channel and waiting after all tasks have been executed.

Through the elegant collaboration of WaitGroup and message queue, we can achieve efficient concurrent programming. WaitGroup can help us control the execution order of concurrent operations and wait for all tasks to be completed. The message queue can realize dynamic scheduling and distribution of tasks and asynchronous processing of tasks. The combination of the two provides us with more concurrent programming ideas and tools, allowing us to better implement complex concurrent operations.

To sum up, the elegant collaboration between Go WaitGroup and message queue plays an important role in concurrent programming. Proper use of them can help us achieve efficient and reliable concurrent operations. Whether you are dealing with large-scale data or high concurrent requests, it is a very useful concurrent programming model.

The above is the detailed content of Elegant collaboration between Go WaitGroup and message queue. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!