Multi-core processing: Using Go WaitGroup to implement concurrent computing in Golang

Multi-core processing: Using Go WaitGroup to implement Golang concurrent computing

In the past few decades, computer processing capabilities have continued to improve, from single-core to multi-core processors . The emergence of multi-core processors has brought more powerful capabilities to concurrent computing. To take full advantage of multi-core processors, developers need to use appropriate concurrent programming techniques. In this article, we will introduce how to use WaitGroup in the Go language to implement concurrent computing for multi-core processing, and provide specific code examples.

Go language is an open source statically typed programming language that has the characteristics of simplicity, efficiency and concurrent programming. In the standard library of Go language, a WaitGroup type is provided for waiting for the end of a group of coroutines (goroutines). WaitGroup uses a counter internally to implement the function of waiting for all coroutines to complete execution.

The following is a sample code for multi-core processing concurrent calculation using WaitGroup:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
)

func main() {
    // 创建一个WaitGroup
    var wg sync.WaitGroup

    // 定义要计算的数据
    data := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}

    // 设置WaitGroup的计数器为要计算的数据的长度
    wg.Add(len(data))

    // 使用多个协程并发计算数据
    for _, num := range data {
        go func(n int) {
            // 在协程结束时减少WaitGroup的计数器
            defer wg.Done()

            // 将数据作为参数传递给计算函数
            result := compute(n)

            // 打印计算结果
            fmt.Printf("计算结果：%d
", result)
        }(num)
    }

    // 等待所有协程执行完毕
    wg.Wait()

    fmt.Println("所有计算已完成")
}

// 计算函数
func compute(n int) int {
    // 模拟复杂的计算过程
    result := n * n * n
    return result
}

In this sample code, a WaitGroup object wg is first created. Next, the data to be calculated is defined, taking integers from 1 to 10 as an example. Then, set the counter of the WaitGroup object to the length of data by calling the wg.Add function, indicating the number of coroutines that need to wait.

Next, use a for loop to traverse each value in the data, and use the go keyword to create a concurrent coroutine. In the coroutine function, the calculation function compute is called and the calculation results are printed out. At the end of the coroutine function, the counter of the WaitGroup object is decremented by 1 by calling the wg.Done function, indicating that the coroutine has completed.

Finally, by calling the wg.Wait function, the main coroutine will wait for all coroutines to complete execution, and then output "all calculations completed".

By using WaitGroup and multiple coroutines, we can make full use of the concurrency capabilities of multi-core processors and speed up calculations.

To summarize, this article introduces how to use WaitGroup in the Go language to implement concurrent computing for multi-core processing. Through specific code examples, it shows how to use WaitGroup to wait for the end of the coroutine, and use multiple coroutines to perform calculations at the same time. This method can improve computing efficiency and give full play to the concurrency capabilities of multi-core processors.

References:
[1] The Go Programming Language Specification. https://golang.org/ref/spec
[2] The Go Programming Language. https://golang.org /
[3] Go Concurrency Patterns: Pipelines and cancellation. https://blog.golang.org/pipelines

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