Combination application of concurrent programming and WaitGroup in Golang

Combined application of concurrent programming and WaitGroup in Golang

In today's software development field, performance and efficiency are always the focus of developers. Concurrent programming is an important way to improve software efficiency. In Go language, we can use goroutine to implement concurrent programming, and WaitGroup is a mechanism for waiting for a group of goroutines to complete work.

WaitGroup is a synchronization primitive built into the Go language. It provides a simple mechanism to wait for the completion of a group of goroutines. We can add the number of goroutines to wait through the Add method, decrement the waiting group count by 1 through the Done method, and block the main thread through the Wait method until the counter returns to zero.

Below, we will use a specific example to demonstrate the combined application of concurrent programming and WaitGroup in Golang.

Suppose we have a requirement to download images from multiple websites concurrently and save them locally.

We first need to create a function to download the image:

func downloadImage(url string, wg *sync.WaitGroup) {
    defer wg.Done()

    // 下载图片的逻辑代码
    // ...
}

The function receives a URL and a WaitGroup pointer as parameters. After the function is executed, the WaitGroup counter is notified to decrease by 1 by calling wg.Done().

Next, we create a main function, which includes a URL list and a WaitGroup object:

func main() {
    urls := []string{
        "url1",
        "url2",
        "url3",
        // ...
    }

    var wg sync.WaitGroup

    for _, url := range urls {
        wg.Add(1)
        go downloadImage(url, &wg)
    }

    wg.Wait()

    fmt.Println("所有图片下载完成")
}

In the main function, we iterate through the URL list and call the downloadImage function for each URL, And ensure correct counting by passing a pointer to WaitGroup. Before calling the downloadImage function, we need to increase the counter by 1 through wg.Add(1). At the same time, we use wg.Wait() at the end of the main function to block the main thread until all goroutines are executed.

Through the above code, we have implemented the function of downloading images concurrently and waiting for all download tasks to be completed.

To sum up, the combination of concurrent programming in Golang and WaitGroup can easily realize the collaborative work of multiple goroutines. Through WaitGroup, we can ensure that all goroutines have completed their tasks, allowing us to handle concurrency situations more efficiently and improve the operating efficiency of the software.

Of course, in real development scenarios, we may encounter more complex concurrent programming problems. At this time, we can solve it with the help of other concurrency primitives provided by the Go language such as mutexes, channels, and selection statements. By mastering the relevant concepts and techniques of concurrent programming, we can better utilize Golang's concurrency features and improve software development efficiency.

I hope this article can help readers understand the combined application of concurrent programming and WaitGroup in Golang, and be applied and expanded in actual development.

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