smarty实例教程---程序设计部分_PHP
SMARTY
smarty的程序设计部分：在smarty的模板设计部分我简单的把smarty在模板中的一些常用设置做了简单的介绍，这一节主要来介绍一下如何在smarty中开始我们程
序设计。
PHP代码:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
首先来介绍一下在上一节中我们使用的过的.php文件中的一些元素。同样，我们拿上一节中最开始的那个index.php文件来说明一下：
================================================
index.php
================================================
/*********************************************
*
* 文件名： index.php
* 作 用： 显示实例程序
*
* 作 者： 大师兄
* Email： teacherli@163.com
*
*********************************************/
include_once("./comm/Smarty.class.php"); //包含smarty类文件
$smarty = new Smarty(); //建立smarty实例对象$smarty
$smarty->templates("./templates"); //设置模板目录
$smarty->templates_c("./templates_c"); //设置编译目录
//****大家注意，这里我是我新加入的****//
$smarty->cache("./cache"); //设置缓存目录
$smarty->cache_lifetime = 60 * 60 * 24; //设置缓存时间
$smarty->caching = true; //设置缓存方式
//----------------------------------------------------
//左右边界符，默认为{}，但实际应用当中容易与JavaScript
//相冲突，所以建议设成或其它。
//----------------------------------------------------
$smarty->left_delimiter = " $smarty->right_delimiter = "}>";
$smarty->assign("name", "李晓军"); //进行模板变量替换
//编译并显示位于./templates下的index.tpl模板
$smarty->display("index.tpl");
?>
我们可以看到，smarty的程序部分实际就是符合php语言规范的一组代码，我们依次来解释一下：
1。/**/语句：
包含的部分为程序篇头注释。主要的内容应该为对程序的作用，版权与作者及编写时间做一个简单的介绍，这在smarty中不是必
需的，但从程序的风格来讲，这是一个好的风格。
2。include_once语句：
它将安装到网站的smarty文件包含到当前文件中，注意包含的路径一定要写正确。
3。$smarty = new Smarty():
这一句新建一个Smarty对象$smarty,简单的一个对象的实例化。
4。$smarty->templates(""):
这一句指明$smarty对象使用tpl模板时的路径，它是一个目录，在没有这一句时，Smarty默认的模板路径为当前目录的templates
目录，实际在写程序时，我们要将这一句写明，这也是一种好的程序风格。
5。$smarty->templates_c(""):
这一句指明$smarty对象进行编译时的目录。在模板设计篇我们已经知道Smarty是一种编译型模板语言，而这个目录，就是它编译
模板的目录，这里要注意，如果站点位于*nix服务器上，请确保teamplates_c里定义的这个目录具有可写可读权限，默认情况下它的编译目录
是当前目录下的templates_c，出于同样的理由我们将其明确的写出来。
6。$smarty->left_delimiter与$smarty->right_delimiter:
指明在查找模板变量时的左右分割符。默认情况下为"{"与"}"，但在实际中因为我们要在模板中使用<script>,Script中的函数定<br /><br />义难免会使用{}，虽然它有自己的解决办法，但习惯上我们将它重新定义为"<{"与"}>"或是"<!--{"与"}-->"或其它标志符，注意，如果在这里<br /><br />定义了左右分割符后，在模板文件中相应的要使每一个变量使用与定义相同的符号，例如在这里指定为"<{"与"}>"，tpl模板中也要相应的将<br /><br />{$name}变成<{$name}>,这样程序才可以正确的找到模板变量。<br /> <br /><br /> 7。$smarty->cache("./cache"):<br /> 告诉Smarty输出的模板文件缓存的位置。上一篇我们知道Smarty最大的优点在于它可以缓存，这里就是设置缓存的目录。默认情<br /><br />况下为当前目录下的cache目录，与templates_c目录相当，在*nix系统中我们要确保它的可读可写性。<br /> <br /> 8. $smarty->cache_lifetime = 60 * 60 * 24:<br /> <br /> 这里将以秒为单位进行计算缓存有效的时间。第一次缓存时间到期时当Smarty的caching变量设置为true时缓存将被重建。当它的<br /><br />取值为-1时表示建立起的缓存从不过期，为0时表示在程序每次执行时缓存总是被重新建立。上面的设置表示将cache_lifetime设置为一天。<br /><br /> 9. $smarty->caching = 1:<br /> 这个属性告诉Smarty是否要进行缓存以及缓存的方式。它可以取3个值，0：Smarty默认值，表示不对模板进行缓存；1：表示<br /><br />Smarty将使用当前定义的cache_lifetime来决定是否结束cache；2：表示Smarty将使用在cache被建立时使用cache_lifetime这个值。习惯上使<br /><br />用true与false来表示是否进行缓存。<br /><br /> 10. $smarty->assign("name", "李晓军")：<br /> 该数的原型为assign(string varname, mixed var),varname为模板中使用的模板变量，var指出要将模板变量替换的变量名；其<br /><br />第二种原形为assign(mixed var),我们要在后面的例子详细的讲解这个成员函数的使用方法，assign是Smarty的核心函数之一，所有对模板变<br /><br />量的替换都要使用它。<br /><br /> 11. $smarty->display("index.tpl"):<br /> 该函数原形为display(string varname),作用为显示一个模板。简单的讲，它将分析处理过的模板显示出来，这里的模板文件不<br /><br />用加路径，只要使用一个文件名就可以了，它路径我们已经在$smarty->templates(string path)中定义过了。<br /><br /> 程序执行完后我们可以打开当前目录下的templates_c与cache目录，就会发现在下边多出一些%%的目录，这些目录就是Smarty的编译与<br /><br />缓存目录，它由程序自动生成，不要直接对这些生成的文件进行修改。<br /> 以上我简单的把Smarty程序中的一些常用的基本元素介绍了一下，在后边的例子中你可以看到将它们将被多次的使用。<br /> <br /> <br /> 接下来介绍一个section循环块与foreach循环块，本来它应该属于模板部分，但是由于它们是smarty的精华所在，而且与smarty程序设计<br /><br />部分联系非常紧密，所以就在本节单独拿出来讲一下。<br /><br /> 1. foreach：用于循环简单数组，它是一个选择性的section循环，它的定义格式为:<br /> <br /> {foreach from=$array item=array_id}<br /> {foreachelse}<br /> {/foreach}<br /> 其中，from 指出要循环的数组变量，item为要循环的变量名称，循环次数由from所指定的数组变量的个数所决定。{foreachelse}用来当<br /><br />程序中传递过来的数组为空时的处理，下面是一个简单的例子：<br /> ===========================================<br /> example6.tpl<br /> ===========================================<br /> <html><br /> <head><title>这是一个foreach使用的例子<br /> <body><br /> 这里将输出一个数组：<br><br /> {foreach from=$newsArray item=newsID}<br /> 新闻编号：{$newsID}<br><br /> 新闻内容：{$newsTitle}<br><hr><br /> {foreachelse}<br /> 对不起，数据库中没有新闻输出！<br /> {/foreach}<br /> </script>
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