How to use NGINX and PM2 to achieve service expansion and load balancing on VPS servers

How to use NGINX and PM2 to achieve service expansion and load balancing on the VPS server?

In response to the demand for high concurrent access and improved server performance, service expansion and load balancing have become an important solution. This article will introduce how to use NGINX and PM2 to achieve service expansion and load balancing on VPS servers.

1. What are NGINX and PM2?

1. NGINX is an open source, high-performance web server with reverse proxy, load balancing, caching and other functions. It is widely used in the Internet field for its excellent performance and reliability.
2. PM2 is a modern Node.js process manager, which can help us manage the deployment, monitoring and automatic restart of Node.js applications.

2. Use NGINX for service expansion and load balancing

1. Install NGINX

First, we need to install NGINX on the VPS server. Specific installation methods can be searched and found according to different operating systems.

2. Configure NGINX reverse proxy

Before using NGINX for load balancing, we need to configure the reverse proxy to forward requests to the backend server. Edit the NGINX configuration file and add the following content in the http block:

upstream backend {
    server backend1;
    server backend2;
    server backend3;
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;
    
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://backend;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    }
}

The backend1, backend2 and backend3 here are the addresses of the backend servers and can be configured according to the actual situation.

3. Start the NGINX service

After saving the configuration file, use the following command to start the NGINX service:

sudo service nginx start

At this point, NGINX has been configured and you can Test whether the reverse proxy is working by visiting example.com.

3. Use PM2 to expand and load balance Node.js applications

1. Install PM2

Install Node.js and PM2 on the VPS server . Specific installation methods can be searched and found according to different operating systems.

2. Deploying Node.js applications

Through PM2, we can deploy Node.js applications to the server. In the root directory of the project, execute the following command:

pm2 start app.js

The app.js here is the entry file of your Node.js application.

3. Configure the number of processes and load balancing of PM2

By default, PM2 will only start one process. If you need to start multiple processes to achieve load balancing, you can use the following command:

pm2 scale app +3

The app here is the name of your Node.js application in PM2, and 3 means to start three processes. You can adjust the number of processes yourself based on the server's configuration and performance.

4. Combining NGINX and PM2 to achieve service expansion and load balancing

1. Modify the configuration of NGINX

In the previously configured NGINX configuration file, Change the forwarding address of the reverse proxy to the address and port monitored by the Node.js application, for example:

upstream backend {
    server 127.0.0.1:3000;
    server 127.0.0.1:3001;
    server 127.0.0.1:3002;
}

2. Restart NGINX and PM2

After saving the configuration file, Use the following command to restart the NGINX and PM2 services:

sudo service nginx restart
pm2 restart all

At this point, NGINX and PM2 have completed the configuration of service expansion and load balancing. By accessing example.com, the request will be forwarded by NGINX to multiple Node.js processes on the backend for processing.

This article briefly introduces how to use NGINX and PM2 to achieve service expansion and load balancing on the VPS server. Through NGINX's reverse proxy and load balancing configuration, combined with PM2's multi-process deployment, the performance and stability of the server can be improved. In actual applications, NGINX and PM2 can be configured and adjusted in more detail according to specific needs.

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