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WebSocket application practice guide under the Flask framework
WebSocket application practice guide under the Flask framework
WebSocket Application Practice Guide under the Flask Framework
Abstract: WebSocket is a protocol for real-time two-way communication that can be established between a browser and a server Persistent connections. When using the Flask framework to develop web applications, combined with WebSocket, real-time data updates, instant messaging and other functions can be achieved. This article will introduce how to use WebSocket under the Flask framework and provide code examples.
Introduction:
With the development of the Internet, real-time requirements are getting higher and higher, and the traditional HTTP request-response model is no longer able to meet this demand. In the past, in order to achieve real-time communication, long polling or short polling was often used. But this method is inefficient and wastes bandwidth. The emergence of the WebSocket protocol solves this problem, allowing a persistent full-duplex connection to be established between the browser and the server to achieve real-time communication.
1. Introduction to WebSocket principle:
WebSocket protocol is a protocol based on TCP, which can establish a two-way communication channel between the browser and the server. The traditional HTTP protocol is a "request-response" model, that is, the client sends a request to the server, and the server processes the request after receiving it and returns a response to the client. The WebSocket protocol can directly establish a persistent two-way connection between the client and the server. Clients and servers can perform real-time data transfers over this connection without waiting for the same performance overhead as HTTP requests.
2. Flask integrates WebSocket:
Under the Flask framework, WebSocket support can be achieved through the Flask-SocketIO plug-in. Flask-SocketIO is an extension of the Flask framework that provides WebSocket functionality. Below are the steps to integrate WebSocket.
-
Install Flask-SocketIO
Install Flask-SockeIO through the pip command:pip install flask-socketio
Copy after login Import Flask-SocketIO and create an application object
from flask import Flask from flask_socketio import SocketIO app = Flask(__name__) socketio = SocketIO(app)
Copy after loginDefine the method of receiving WebSocket messages
@socketio.on('message') def handle_message(message): print('received message: ' + message)Copy after loginDefine the method of sending WebSocket messages
def send_message(message): socketio.emit('message', message)Copy after loginStart Application
if __name__ == '__main__': socketio.run(app)
Copy after login
3. WebSocket application example:
The following is a simple chat room example to demonstrate how to use WebSocket to implement real-time chat function.
from flask import Flask, render_template
from flask_socketio import SocketIO
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = 'secret!'
socketio = SocketIO(app)
@app.route('/')
def index():
return render_template('index.html')
@socketio.on('message')
def handle_message(message):
socketio.emit('message', message)
if __name__ == '__main__':
socketio.run(app)In index.html, you can interact with the server through JavaScript code to realize the real-time chat function.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Flask Websocket Chat</title>
<script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/socket.io/1.3.6/socket.io.min.js"></script>
<script>
var socket = io.connect('http://' + document.domain + ':' + location.port);
socket.on('connect', function() {
socket.send('User has connected!');
});
socket.on('message', function(data) {
var new_message = document.createElement('div');
new_message.innerHTML = data;
document.querySelector('#messages').appendChild(new_message);
});
function sendMessage() {
var message = document.querySelector('#message_input').value;
socket.send(message);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1 id="Flask-Websocket-Chat">Flask Websocket Chat</h1>
<div id="messages"></div>
<input type="text" id="message_input">
<button onclick="sendMessage()">Send</button>
</body>
</html>By running the above code, you can implement a simple WebSocket chat room.
Conclusion:
This article introduces how to integrate WebSocket under the Flask framework and provides a simple chat room example. Through the Flask-SocketIO plug-in, WebSocket can be easily used to implement real-time communication functions. When developing Web applications, combining WebSocket can improve user experience and achieve real-time data updates, instant messaging and other functions. I hope this article will help you use WebSocket under the Flask framework.
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