Tips for using Python for script debugging on Linux platform

Tips of using Python for script debugging on the Linux platform

Using Python for script debugging on the Linux platform is one of the common tasks in the development process. Script debugging can help us quickly locate and fix errors in the code and improve development efficiency. This article will introduce some techniques for script debugging using Python on the Linux platform and provide specific code examples.

1. Use the pdb module for interactive debugging
   Python provides the pdb module, which can insert breakpoints in the code and enter interactive debugging mode during running. The following is a simple example:

import pdb

def divide(x, y):
    result = x / y
    return result

pdb.set_trace() # 插入断点

print(divide(10, 0))

After inserting the pdb.set_trace() statement in the code, the running code will pause at this location and enter interactive debugging mode. We can use the commands provided by the pdb module for debugging, such as step to execute code step by step, print to print variable values, etc. This way you can quickly locate the problem.

2. Use the logging module for log debugging
   The logging module is Python's built-in logging tool, which can easily insert log statements into the code to help us track the execution process of the code. Here is an example:

import logging

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG) # 设置日志级别为DEBUG

def divide(x, y):
    logging.debug("start divide function")
    try:
        result = x / y
    except ZeroDivisionError:
        logging.error("division by zero")
        return None
    return result

print(divide(10, 0))

By inserting logging.debug() and logging.error() statements in the code, we can run the process record relevant information. Use the basicConfig() function to configure the log, including setting the log level, log output location, etc. Log levels include DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR and CRITICAL. We can set different levels as needed. level.

3. Use assertions for code checking
   Assertion is a statement in Python that is used to check the code. If the condition of the assertion is not met, the program will interrupt and throw an AssertionError exception. Here is an example:

def divide(x, y):
    assert y != 0, "division by zero"
    result = x / y
    return result

print(divide(10, 0))

In the above example, we use the assert statement to check if y is 0 and throw an exception if it is 0, and output an error message. By using assertions, we can pre-check various conditions in the code and reduce the occurrence of errors.

In addition to the above tips, there are some other debugging tools that can help us debug Python scripts on the Linux platform, such as using IDE integrated debuggers, using third-party tools such as pdb, etc. Choosing a debugging method that suits you can improve development efficiency and reduce debugging time.

To summarize, using Python for script debugging on the Linux platform requires mastering the use of the pdb module, the configuration of the logging module, and the use of assertions. By using these techniques appropriately, we can locate and fix errors in the code more quickly and improve development efficiency.

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