Advanced techniques for Python script operations under Linux

Advanced skills in Python script operation under Linux require specific code examples

Python language is a simple, easy-to-learn, powerful scripting language, which is used in Linux systems The application is very wide. This article will introduce some techniques for using Python scripts for advanced operations under Linux, and provide specific code examples to help readers better understand and apply these techniques.

1. Using pipes and filters

In Linux, pipes and filters are very useful tools. Python can interact with other command line tools by reading standard input and output through sys.stdin and sys.stdout. Here is an example of using a Python script to filter text:

import sys

for line in sys.stdin:
    # 这里可以对每行文本进行处理
    processed_line = line.strip().upper()
    print(processed_line)

Use the pipe operator | to redirect input to this script:

cat input.txt | python filter.py > output.txt

2. String matching using regular expressions

Regular expressions are powerful tools for processing text. Python's re module provides support for regular expressions. Here is an example of matching using regular expressions:

import re

text = "Python is a great language for scripting."
pattern = r"pyw+"
matches = re.findall(pattern, text, re.IGNORECASE)
print(matches)

Running this script will output all matching results.

3. Call system commands

Python can call system commands through the subprocess module and obtain its output. The following is an example of using a Python script to call a Linux system command:

import subprocess

result = subprocess.run(['ls', '-l'], capture_output=True, text=True)
print(result.stdout)

This script will list the detailed information of all files and folders in the current directory.

4. Use the os module for file and directory operations

Python's os module provides a wealth of file and directory operation functions. The following is an example of using a Python script to create a new folder and copy files:

import os
import shutil

# 创建文件夹
os.mkdir("new_dir")

# 复制文件
shutil.copy("old_file.txt", "new_dir/new_file.txt")

After executing this script, a folder named "new_dir" will be created in the current directory and "old_file .txt" into it.

5. Using multi-threading for concurrent operations

Python's threading module provides multi-threading support and can be used to execute tasks concurrently. Here is an example of using a Python script to create multiple threads for concurrent downloads:

import threading
import requests

urls = ['http://example.com/1', 'http://example.com/2', 'http://example.com/3']

def download(url):
    response = requests.get(url)
    # 这里可以对下载的内容进行处理

# 创建线程并启动下载
threads = []
for url in urls:
    thread = threading.Thread(target=download, args=(url,))
    thread.start()
    threads.append(thread)

# 等待所有线程结束
for thread in threads:
    thread.join()

This script will download multiple URLs in the list at the same time.

Summary:

This article introduces some techniques for using Python scripts for advanced operations under Linux, and provides specific code examples. These techniques include using pipes and filters for text processing, using regular expressions for string matching, calling system commands, performing file and directory operations, and using multithreading for concurrent operations. I hope these examples can help readers better understand and apply Python's advanced techniques in Linux systems.

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