How to deal with concurrent data access issues in Go language?

In the Go language, dealing with concurrent data access issues is a very important task. Due to the concurrent programming model characteristics of the Go language, we can easily implement concurrent read and write operations. The following will introduce some common methods of dealing with concurrent data access problems and give specific code examples.

1. Mutex lock (Mutex)
   Mutex lock is one of the most commonly used methods to deal with concurrent access problems in the Go language. It can ensure that only one goroutine can access the protected object at the same time. resource. The following is a sample code that uses a mutex lock to solve concurrent access problems:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
)

var (
    count int
    mutex sync.Mutex
)

func main() {
    // 创建一个WaitGroup，用于等待所有goroutine完成
    var wg sync.WaitGroup

    // 启动10个goroutine并发地对count进行自增操作
    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        wg.Add(1)
        go increment(&wg)
    }

    // 等待所有goroutine完成
    wg.Wait()

    fmt.Println("Final count:", count)
}

func increment(wg *sync.WaitGroup) {
    // 在函数退出时释放锁
    defer wg.Done()

    // 获取互斥锁
    mutex.Lock()
    defer mutex.Unlock()
    
    // 修改被保护的资源
    count++
}

In this example, we use sync.Mutex to create a mutex lock and Add mutex locking and unlocking operations where access to protected resources is required. This ensures that only one goroutine can access the count global variable at the same time.

2. Read-Write Lock (RWMutex)
   Mutex locks can cause performance problems when facing concurrent read operations and a small number of write operations. The read-write lock (RWMutex) is a more efficient solution, which allows multiple goroutines to read protected resources at the same time, but only one goroutine can perform a write operation.

The following is a sample code that uses read-write locks to solve concurrent access problems:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
)

var (
    count        int
    lock         sync.RWMutex
    wg           sync.WaitGroup
)

func main() {
    // 启动100个goroutine并发地读取count值
    for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
        wg.Add(1)
        go read(&wg)
    }

    // 启动10个goroutine并发地对count进行自增操作
    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        wg.Add(1)
        go increment(&wg)
    }

    wg.Wait()

    fmt.Println("Final count:", count)
}

func read(wg *sync.WaitGroup) {
    defer wg.Done()

    // 获取读锁
    lock.RLock()
    defer lock.RUnlock()

    // 读取被保护的资源
    fmt.Println("Read:", count)
}

func increment(wg *sync.WaitGroup) {
    defer wg.Done()

    // 获取写锁
    lock.Lock()
    defer lock.Unlock()

    // 修改被保护的资源
    count++
}

In this example, we use sync.RWMutex to create a Read and write locks, and use the RLock method to acquire the read lock, the Lock method to acquire the write lock, and use the RUnlock and Unlock methods to release the lock . This ensures that for read operations, multiple goroutines can be performed concurrently, but for write operations, only one goroutine can be performed.

In actual applications, other methods can also be used to deal with concurrent data access issues according to specific needs, such as channels, atomic operations, etc. The above are just some of the common methods, I hope they will be helpful to you.

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