How to refactor code in Java development to improve readability and maintainability

How to refactor code in Java development to improve readability and maintainability

Introduction:
In the process of software development, code refactoring It is a key technical means for improving the quality, readability and maintainability of existing code. Through code refactoring, developers can make the code clearer, concise, and easier to understand, and reduce duplication and confusion in the code. This article will introduce some common code refactoring techniques and provide corresponding code examples.

1. Extract Method
The extraction method is a reconstruction technique that is used to extract a piece of code with relatively independent functions into an independent method, and replace the original one with a method call code block. This not only improves the readability of the code, but also makes the code reusable.

Sample code:

// 原始代码
public void printPersonInfo(Person person) {
    System.out.println("Name: " + person.getName());
    System.out.println("Age: " + person.getAge());
    System.out.println("Address: " + person.getAddress());
}

// 重构后的代码
public void printPersonInfo(Person person) {
    printProperty("Name", person.getName());
    printProperty("Age", person.getAge());
    printProperty("Address", person.getAddress());
}

private void printProperty(String propertyName, String propertyValue) {
    System.out.println(propertyName + ": " + propertyValue);
}

2. Extract Variable
Extract Variable is a reconstruction technique used to extract a complex expression into a separate variable to improve the readability and understandability of the code. By extracting variables, we can give complex expressions meaningful names and reduce duplication in our code.

Sample code:

// 原始代码
public double calculateTotalPrice(List<Product> products) {
    double totalPrice = 0;
    for (Product product : products) {
        totalPrice += product.getPrice() * (1 - product.getDiscountRate());
    }
    return totalPrice;
}

// 重构后的代码
public double calculateTotalPrice(List<Product> products) {
    double totalPrice = 0;
    for (Product product : products) {
        double discountedPrice = product.getPrice() * (1 - product.getDiscountRate());
        totalPrice += discountedPrice;
    }
    return totalPrice;
}

3. Extract Class
When a class is responsible for too many functions, causing its responsibilities to be unclear and the code to become bloated, it can be used Refactoring techniques for extracting classes. By extracting classes, we can extract some functions from the original class to form a new class, and realize the collaboration of different functions through the association between classes.

Sample code:

// 原始代码
public class ProductService {
    private List<Product> products;

    public void addProduct(Product product) {
        products.add(product);
    }

    public void removeProduct(Product product) {
        products.remove(product);
    }

    public double calculateTotalPrice() {
        double totalPrice = 0;
        for (Product product : products) {
            totalPrice += product.getPrice() * (1 - product.getDiscountRate());
        }
        return totalPrice;
    }

    //...
}

// 重构后的代码
public class ProductService {
    private List<Product> products;

    public void addProduct(Product product) {
        products.add(product);
    }

    public void removeProduct(Product product) {
        products.remove(product);
    }

    //...
}

public class PriceCalculator {
    private List<Product> products;

    public PriceCalculator(List<Product> products) {
        this.products = products;
    }

    public double calculateTotalPrice() {
        double totalPrice = 0;
        for (Product product : products) {
            totalPrice += product.getPrice() * (1 - product.getDiscountRate());
        }
        return totalPrice;
    }
}

Conclusion:
Through code refactoring, we can improve the quality, readability and maintainability of the code. Refactoring techniques such as extract method, extract variable, and extract class can make the code clearer, concise, and easier to understand, and reduce duplication in the code. I believe that through these techniques, you can improve your coding skills and write better Java code.

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