Discussion of data structure problems and solutions in C++

Discussion of data structure problems and solutions in C

Data structure is one of the very important concepts in computer science. It is the way to store and organize data and method. In C programming, we often encounter various data structure problems, such as how to store and operate data efficiently, how to implement various common data structures, and so on. This article explores some common data structure problems in C and provides sample code for solutions.

1. Arrays and dynamic arrays

In C, arrays are one of the simplest data structures. It can store multiple elements of the same data type at once. However, the size of the array must be determined at compile time and cannot be adjusted dynamically. In order to solve this problem, we can use dynamic arrays, that is, dynamically allocate memory to achieve the flexibility of arrays.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    int size;
    cout << "请输入数组的大小：";
    cin >> size;

    int *arr = new int[size];  // 动态分配内存

    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        cout << "请输入第 " << i + 1 << " 个元素：";
        cin >> arr[i];
    }

    // 对数组进行操作...

    delete[] arr;  // 释放内存

    return 0;
}

2. Linked list

Linked list is another common data structure. Compared with arrays, it is dynamic and can be inserted, deleted, etc. at runtime. . In C, we can use pointers to implement linked lists.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

struct Node {
    int data;
    Node *next;
};

int main()
{
    Node *head = NULL;
    Node *current = NULL;

    int size;
    cout << "请输入链表的长度：";
    cin >> size;

    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        int val;
        cout << "请输入第 " << i + 1 << " 个节点的值：";
        cin >> val;

        Node *newNode = new Node;
        newNode->data = val;
        newNode->next = NULL;

        if (head == NULL) {
            head = newNode;
            current = head;
        } else {
            current->next = newNode;
            current = current->next;
        }
    }

    // 遍历链表并打印每个节点的值
    Node *temp = head;
    while (temp != NULL) {
        cout << temp->data << " ";
        temp = temp->next;
    }

    // 对链表进行操作...

    // 释放内存
    temp = head;
    while (temp != NULL) {
        Node *delNode = temp;
        temp = temp->next;
        delete delNode;
    }

    return 0;
}

3. Stack and queue

Stack and queue are two commonly used data structures. The stack has the characteristics of first in, last out (LIFO), and the queue has the characteristics of first in, first out (FIFO).

#include <iostream>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    // 使用栈
    stack<int> myStack;
    myStack.push(1);
    myStack.push(2);
    myStack.push(3);

    while (!myStack.empty()) {
        cout << myStack.top() << " ";
        myStack.pop();
    }
    cout << endl;

    // 使用队列
    queue<int> myQueue;
    myQueue.push(1);
    myQueue.push(2);
    myQueue.push(3);

    while (!myQueue.empty()) {
        cout << myQueue.front() << " ";
        myQueue.pop();
    }
    cout << endl;

    return 0;
}

4. Hash table

A hash table is an efficient data structure that stores data in the form of key-value pairs. In C, we can use std::unordered_map to implement a hash table.

#include <iostream>
#include <unordered_map>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    unordered_map<string, int> myMap;
    myMap["Alice"] = 24;
    myMap["Bob"] = 30;
    myMap["Charlie"] = 18;

    cout << "Bob 的年龄是：" << myMap["Bob"] << endl;

    return 0;
}

In C programming, it is very important to master the implementation and application of data structures. This article is based on C language, discusses some common data structure problems, and provides corresponding solutions and sample codes. I hope that readers can become more proficient in using and understanding the application of data structures in C programming through the study and practice of this article.

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