How to deal with website protection and firewall in PHP development

Title: Website protection and firewall practice in PHP development

Introduction:
In today's Internet environment, website security issues are becoming increasingly prominent. As a commonly used server-side programming language, website protection and firewall measures in PHP development are particularly important. This article will introduce some commonly used PHP website protection technologies and firewall practices, and provide specific code examples for readers' reference.

1. Website protection technology:

1. Input filtering: Effectively detect and filter user-entered data to avoid attacks such as malicious scripts or SQL injections. Input filtering can be easily implemented using PHP's filter functions, such as using filter_input, filter_var and other functions to verify and filter user input.

$username = filter_input(INPUT_POST, 'username', FILTER_SANITIZE_STRING);

2. Password security: User passwords are an important part of website security. When storing passwords in the database, they should be encrypted using a hashing algorithm. PHP's password_hash function can generate the hash value of the password, and the password_verify function is used to verify whether the password entered by the user is correct.

$password = password_hash($password, PASSWORD_DEFAULT);
if (password_verify($inputPassword, $storedPassword)) {
     // 验证通过
} else {
     // 验证失败
}

3. Session management: Reasonably manage user session information to prevent attacks such as session hijacking or session fixation. PHP's session_start function starts a session and disables access to cookies through scripts by setting session.cookie_httponly to true.

session_start();
ini_set("session.cookie_httponly", 1);

2. Firewall practice:

1. IP filtering: perform access control based on specific IP addresses to prevent access from malicious IPs. Use PHP's $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] to obtain the visitor's IP address, and compare it with the preset blacklist to implement IP filtering.

$allowed_ips = array('127.0.0.1', '10.0.0.1');
$client_ip = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
if (!in_array($client_ip, $allowed_ips)) {
    header('HTTP/1.0 403 Forbidden');
    die('Access denied.');
}

2. Request limit: Limit the number of requests sent by a certain IP address within a specified time to prevent malicious interface brushing or DoS attacks. Use PHP's cache or database to store the timestamp and number of requests of the last request, compare them with the current time, and implement request restrictions.

$key = 'ip_' . $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
$current_time = time();
$expire_time = 60; // 限制为每分钟只能发起一次请求
$limit = 5; // 限制为每分钟最多发起5次请求

$cache = new Redis();
$cache->connect('127.0.0.1', 6379);
if (!$cache->exists($key)) {
    $cache->set($key, 1, $expire_time);
} else {
    $cache->incr($key);
}
$count = $cache->get($key);
if ($count > $limit) {
    header('HTTP/1.0 429 Too Many Requests');
    die('Request limit exceeded.');
}

Conclusion:
In PHP development, website protection and firewall are important measures to ensure website security. Through effective input filtering, password security, session management, and firewall practices, the risk of a website being attacked can be greatly reduced. In actual development, developers should choose an appropriate protection strategy based on the actual situation, and carry out appropriate optimization and enhancement.

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