ob_*系列函数的使用_PHP
用PHP控制用户的浏览器--ob_*系列函数的使用
Output Control 函数可以让你自由控制脚本中数据的输出。它非常地有用,特别是对于:当你想在数据已经输出后,再输出文件头的情况。输出控制函数不对使用 header() 或 setcookie(), 发送的文件头信息产生影响,只对那些类似于 echo() 和 PHP 代码的数据块有作用。 我们先举一个简单的例子,让大家对Output Control有一个大致的印象:
Example 1.
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所有对header()函数有了解的人都知道,这个函数会发送一段文件头给浏览器,但是如果在使用这个函数之前已经有了任何输出(包括空输出,比如空格,回车和换行)就会提示出错。如果我们去掉第一行的ob_start(),再执行此程序,我们会发现得到了一条错误提示:“Header had all ready send by”!但是加上ob_start,就不会提示出错,原因是当打开了缓冲区,echo后面的字符不会输出到浏览器,而是保留在服务器,直到你使用 flush或者ob_end_flush才会输出,所以并不会有任何文件头输出的错误!
一、 相关函数简介
1、Flush:刷新缓冲区的内容,输出。函数格式:flush() 说明:这个函数经常使用,效率很高。
2、ob_start :打开输出缓冲区函数格式:void ob_start(void) 说明:当缓冲区激活时,所有来自PHP程序的非文件头信息均不会发送,而是保存在内部缓冲区。为了输出缓冲 区的内容,可以使用ob_end_flush()或flush()输出缓冲区的内容。
3 、ob_get_contents :返回内部缓冲区的内容。使用方法:string ob_get_contents(void) 说明:这个函数会返回当前缓冲区中的内容,如果输出缓冲区没有激活,则返回 FALSE 。
4、ob_get_length:返回内部缓冲区的长度。使用方法:int ob_get_length(void) 说明:这个函数会返回当前缓冲区中的长度;和ob_get_contents一样,如果输出缓冲区没有激活。则返回 FALSE。
5、ob_end_flush :发送内部缓冲区的内容到浏览器,并且关闭输出缓冲区。使用方法:void ob_end_flush(void) 说明:这个函数发送输出缓冲区的内容(如果有的话)。 6、ob_end_clean:删除内部缓冲区的内容,并且关闭内部缓冲区使用方法:void ob_end_clean(void) 说明:这个函数不会输出内部缓冲区的内容而是把它删除!
7、ob_implicit_flush:打开或关闭绝对刷新使用方法:void ob_implicit_flush ([int flag]) 说明:使用过Perl的人都知道$|=x的意义,这个字符串可以打开/关闭缓冲区,而ob_implicit_flush函数也和那个一样,默认为关闭缓冲区,打开绝对输出后,每个脚本输出都直接发送到浏览器,不再需要调用 flush()
二、深入了解 1. 关于Flush函数:这个函数在PHP3中就出现了,是一个效率很高的函数,他有一个非常有用的功能就是刷新browser的cache.我们举一个运行效果非常明显的例子来说明flush.
Example 2.
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用以上的方法,就可以把不同用户的phpinfo信息保存下来,这在以前恐怕没有办法办到!其实上面就是将一些“过程”转化为“函数”的方法!或许有人会问:“难道就这个样子吗?还有没有其他用途?”当然有了,比如笔者论坛的PHP 语法加亮显示就和这个有关(PHP默认的语法加亮显示函数会直接输出,不能保存结果,如果在每次调用都显示恐怕会很浪费CPU,笔者的论坛就把语法加亮函数显示的结果用控制缓冲区的方法保留了),大家如果感兴趣的话可以来看看http://www.zphp.com/bbs/! 可能现在大家对ob_start()的功能有了一定的了解,上面的一个例子看似简单,但实际上已经掌握了使用ob_start()的要点。
.使用ob_start打开browser的cache,这样可以保证cache的内容在你调用flush(),ob_end_flush()(或程序执行完毕)之前不会被输出。
.现在的你应该知道你所拥有的优势:可以在任何输出内容后面使用header,setcookie以及session,这是 ob_start一个很大的特点;也可以使用ob_start的参数,在cache被写入后,然后自动运行命令,比如ob_start ("ob_gzhandler");而我们最常用的做法是用ob_get_contents()得到cache中的内容,然后再进行处理……
.当处理完毕后,我们可以使用各种方法输出,flush(),ob_end_flush(),以及等到程序执行完毕后的自动输出。当然,如果你用的是ob_get_contents(),那么就要你自己控制输出方式了。 来,让我们看看能用ob系列函数做些什么……
(一)、 静态模版技术 简介:所谓静态模版技术就是通过某种方式,使得用户在client端得到的是由PHP产生的html页面。如果这个html页面不会再被更新,那么当另外的用户再次浏览此页面时,程序将不会再调用PHP以及相关的数据库,对于某些信息量比较大的网站,例如sina,163,sohu。类似这种的技术带来的好处是非常巨大的。 我所知道的实现静态输出的有两种办法:
.通过y10k修改的phplib的一个叫template.inc.php类实现。
.使用ob系列函数实现。对于第一种方法,因为不是这篇文章所要研究的问题,所以不再赘述。我们现在来看一看第二种方法的具体实现:
Example 4.
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php页面的全部输出
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这样,所谓的静态模版就很容易的被实现了……
(二)、 捕捉输出 以上的Example 4.是一种最简单的情况,你还可以在写入前对$content进行操作…… 你可以设法捕捉一些关键字,然后去对它进行再处理,比如Example 3.所述的PHP语法高亮显示。个人认为,这个功能是此函数最大的精华所在,它可以解决各种各样的问题,但需要你有足够的想象力……
Example 5.
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以上这个例子的用途不是很大,不过很典型$code的本身就是一个含有变量的输出页面,而这个例子用eval把$code中的变量替换,然后对输出结果再进行输出捕捉,再一次的进行处理……
Example 6. 加快传输
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Not compress length: " . strlen($Contents); $s .= "Compressed length: " . strlen(gzcompress($Contents, $level)); $Contents .= $s; } header("Content-Encoding: $ENCODING"); print "x1fx8bx08x00x00x00x00x00"; $Size = strlen($Contents); $Crc = crc32($Contents); $Contents = gzcompress($Contents, $level); $Contents = substr($Contents, 0, strlen($Contents) - 4); print $Contents; print pack('V', $Crc); print pack('V', $Size); exit; } else { ob_end_flush(); exit; } }
这是catoc的一段很早以前的代码,是在weblogs.com看到的,他利用了zlib的函数,对传输的内容进行了压缩,测试表明,对于10k以上的页面,会产生效果,而且页面越大,效果越明显……

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