变量的变量,PHP和你_PHP
变量的变量,PHP 和 你
在我最近做的一个项目中,我发现了一个新的概念,关于在PHP中使用变量的变量。在我的程序中,我需要在一个页面同时更新多个记录,在我经过相当长时间的痛苦思索之后,脑海中偶然地闪现出了变量的变量(variable variable)这一概念,所有的困惑就一扫而光了。
介绍
什么叫作变量的变量?根据PHP手册,变量的变量是指取得一个变量的值并把它作为另一个变量的变量名。这表述显得相当的直接,容易和那些在一个句子中使用“变量”这个词弄混淆。给一个简单的例子,你定义一个变量 --- x 等于 this --- 然后定义一个变量的变量,意味着你把 x 的值作为新变量的名,在这个例子中,这个新变量的值是 is cake。用PHP来表示如下:
$x = "this";
$$x = "is cake";
?>
这个符号$$是在PHP中对变量的变量的表示方法。现在我们可以用两种不同的方式来引用这两个变量 $x 和 $$x 了。
echo "$x ${$x}";
?>
echo "$x $this";
?>
上面两段程序都将输出 this is cake。注意,在echo语句中$$x被写成${$x},这是让PHP知道你要输出的是变量的变量而不是一个$字符与$x变量。
你是不是仍很迷惑?哦,也许吧,你想要一些更深入更有用的例子?下一节,我将向你展示怎样用变量的变量在一个页面编辑多条记录的。
例子
假设你已有一个MySQL数据库,保存了对一些感兴趣的站点的链接,库中有一个表submissions,字段如下:
SubmissionID
PostedBy
Link
Description
Approved
现在你想显示在表中所有的已创建但没有被认可的链接,这个编辑的页面应可以更正一些输入时的错误,并用适当的单选按钮来为每一个记录设置是否允许(Approved),然后一次把更新后的记录都提交到表中。
首先,当你从数据库出提取所有的记录并显示出来时,你必须为每一个记录设置一个唯一的名字,这将让我们在提交时可以循环地辩别出各个记录的值。代码如下:
//初始化变量的记数器
$index = 0;
$index_count = 0;
echo ";
echo "n";
echo "
n"; Posted By
Link ".
"Description
Approved
/*********
假定我们已从数据库中检索出记录到一个数组中
$myrow = mysql_fetch_array().
下面的 do...while 循环根据名字为每一个$xstr变量分配了一个值并且连接了$index 的值到结尾,以0为开始。
这样,这个循环的第一次时,$SubmissionIDStr 的值就是 SubmissionID0 ,第二次就是 SubmissionID1 ,以此类推。
***********/
do {
$SubmissionIDStr = SubmissionID.$index;
$PostedByStr = PostedBy.$index;
$LinkStr = Link.$index;
$DescriptionStr = Description.$index;
$ApprovedStr = Aprroved.$index;
//这一段将在屏幕上显示值,以每行一条记录。
printf("
n",
YesNo
$SubmissionIDStr, $myrow["SubmissionID"], $PostedByStr, $myrow["PostedBy"], $LinkStr, $myrow["Link"],
$DescriptionStr, $myrow["Description"], $ApprovedStr, $ApprovedStr);
//每个循环记数器加1
$index++;
$index_count++;
} while ($myrow = mysql_fetch_array($result));
// 创建一个索引记数器index_count来跟踪所有的记录数
echo "n";
echo "n";
?>
提交以后,我们利用$index_count变量再一次循环遍历页面上所有的变量,然后,分配这些变量给另一些变量,这就用到了变量的变量。
//这个循环遍历所有页面上显示的记录
for ($index = 0; $index = $counter; $index++) {
/*****
这部分用我们在前面创建的名字设置了新的变量
从0开始,直到$index_count
*****/
$varSubmissionID = 'SubmissionID'.$index;
$varPostedBy = 'PostedBy'.$index;
$varLink = 'Link'.$index;
$varDescription = 'Description'.$index;
$varApproved = 'Approved'.$index;
/******
这是变量的变量部分,把每个值分配给每个新变量的名。
例如,第一次循环时,分配给记录 SubmissionID0 是从前面得来的值,我们用变量的变量来了取到它。
*******/
$SubmissionIDvalue = $$varSubmissionID;
$PostedByvalue = $$varPostedBy;
$Linkvalue = $$varLink;
$Descriptionvalue = $$varDescription;
$Approvedvalue = $$varApproved;
//更新数据库
$sql = "UPDATE submissions SET PostedBy='$PostedByvalue',Link='$Linkvalue',".
"Description='$Descriptionvalue' WHERE SubmissionID=$SubmissionIDvalue'";
$result = mysql_query($sql);
//如果本记录被设置为approved,更新相应的字段 Approved。
if ($Approvedvalue == '-1') {
$sql = "UPDATE submissions SET Approved='-1' WHERE SubmissionID=$SubmissionIDvalue";
$result = mysql_query($sql);
}
}
?>
我希望这有助于你明白这个变量的变量的基本用法,并且在你将来的工作中使用它们提供一些思路。变量的变量这一概念,最初也是让我头痛的东西,但是一旦你知道了它们工作的基本原理时,它们就变成了一块美味的比萨饼。如果有什么问题请让我知道吧。

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