Implementing grayscale publishing of PHP applications using Docker Compose, Nginx and MariaDB

Using Docker Compose, Nginx and MariaDB to implement grayscale release of PHP applications

Grayscale release is a software release strategy that gradually Introduce new versions to mitigate the risks associated with releases. In practical applications, we can use Docker Compose to manage containerized applications, and combine Nginx load balancing and MariaDB to achieve grayscale publishing.

Docker Compose is a tool for defining and running multi-container Docker applications. It allows us to use YAML files to define the components of the application, the network configuration, and the relationships between the various components.

First, we need to create a Docker Compose configuration file docker-compose.yml. In this file, we need to define three services for Nginx, PHP and MariaDB.

The following is an example docker-compose.yml file, used to implement grayscale publishing of a simple PHP application:

version: '3.8'
services:
  web:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    ports:
      - 80
    networks:
      - backend
      - frontend
  web_new:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile-new
    ports:
      - 8080
    networks:
      - backend
      - frontend
  nginx:
    image: nginx:latest
    volumes:
      - ./nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
    ports:
      - 8000:80
    networks:
      - frontend
  db:
    image: mariadb:latest
    environment:
      - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=password
      - MYSQL_DATABASE=mydatabase
    networks:
      - backend

networks:
  backend:
  frontend:

In this configuration file, we define two Web services (web and web_new) correspond to two different versions of PHP applications. We distinguish them by defining different ports and deploy them in both backend and frontend networks.

We also defined an nginx service, used Nginx as a load balancer, and mapped it to port 8000 of the host. We need to map the nginx.conf file to the /etc/nginx/nginx.conf location in the container to configure Nginx's load balancing rules.

Finally, we define a MariaDB service (db) to store the application's data. We configure the root user's password and default database by setting environment variables.

Next, we need to create an nginx.conf file to configure Nginx’s load balancing rules. This file should be in the same directory as the docker-compose.yml file. Here is an example nginx.conf file:

worker_processes auto;
events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
    upstream app {
        zone blue 64k;
        server web:80;
        server web_new:8080 backup;
    }
    
    server {
        listen 80;
        
        location / {
            proxy_pass http://app;
        }
    }
}

In this configuration file, we first define an upstream block named app, specifying two backend servers (web and web_new). In this example, we use web_new as the backup server.

Then, we define a server block, listen on port 80, and forward all requests to the app upstream block through the proxy_pass directive. In this way, Nginx will distribute requests to different backend servers according to the load balancing policy.

Now, we can execute the docker-compose up command to start our application. This will create and start the corresponding container based on the docker-compose.yml file.

Once the container is started successfully, we can access our PHP application by visiting http://localhost:8000. Nginx will distribute requests to different backend servers according to load balancing rules.

During the grayscale release process, we can gradually direct traffic to the new version of the PHP application. We can achieve this by gradually modifying the upstream rules in the nginx.conf file. For example, we can gradually increase the weight of the web_new server until eventually all traffic is directed to the new version.

By using Docker Compose, Nginx and MariaDB, we can easily implement grayscale publishing of PHP applications. This approach helps us reduce the risk associated with releases and effectively test the performance and stability of new versions of applications in a production environment.

It should be noted that this is just an example and the actual configuration may vary based on specific applications and needs. In actual applications, we may need to use more complex load balancing strategies, configure more environment variables, handle more network configurations, etc.

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