Table of Contents
这是一个使用模板的测试文件!
{PAGETITLE}
Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial PHP-Web 应用程序开发:使用模板_PHP

PHP-Web 应用程序开发:使用模板_PHP

Jun 01, 2016 pm 12:35 PM
lt use deal with application data document replace template Program development

程序开发

  每个进行过较大型的 PHP-Web 应用程序设计的开发人员大概都有如下的经历:花大量的时间写超文本语句,为页面排版,兼作美工等;或在整合的程序代码在和HTML静态页面时花费大量的时间。的确,用脚本语言开发 Web 应用不容易将数据的处理和数据的显示分开,但在多人合作的情况下,如果无法将数据和显示分开,将大大影响开发的效率,专业分工的发挥。为了解决这个问题,PHP 也提供了自己的解决方案,有多种,本文主要介绍 PHPLIB 中的 Template 类。

一、模板处理类的设计
  模板处理类主要需完成以下的任务:

  • 从模板文件中读取显示用的HTML代码。
  • 将模板文件和实际生成的数据结合,生成输出的结果。
  • 允许同时处理多个模板。
  • 允许模板的嵌套。
  • 允许对模板中的某个单独的部分进行处理。



  归纳上述任务,模板类的设计目标为:从多个模板文件中读入显示的HTML代码,将这些显示代码中需要动态数据的地方替换为PHP程序运算所得出的数据,然后按照一定的顺序输出。其中,替换的部分可以自由的设定。

  读取显示用的HTML代码采用读文件的方式
  模板文件和数据的结合采用正则替换
  处理多个模板用数组存储来实现。
  模板的嵌套的实现主要的想法是:将模板和输出(任何中间的分析结果)一视同仁,都可拿来做替换,即可实现。
  单独部分的处理的通过在模板文件中设定标注,然后在正则替换中结合标注来控制,实现部分替换。

二、模板处理类的实现
  请参看 PHPLib 中的 Template.inc,总共 345 行代码,有详细的注释。以下列举一些主要的函数,供研读参考:
  1) function set_file($handle,$filename=” ”) line 77, 读取文件
  2) function set_var($varname, $value = "") line 119, 设置映射数据-替换变量
  3) function set_block($parent, $handle, $name = "") line 96, 设置标注
  4) function subst($handle) line 136, 执行数据替换
  5) function parse($target, $handle, $append = false) line 165, 执行模板文件与数据的结合
  6) function p($varname) line 268, 输出处理结果
注:本人下载的php-lib7.2c的Template.inc文件中的第95行少了个“/”,加上后使用正常。

三、模板处理类的使用
  3.1 最基本的例子
  为了简单起见,这里假设模板文件、使用模板的PHP文件和模板处理类的文件都放在同一个目录下。PHPLIB中的习惯是使用ihtml后缀为模板文件的后缀。
  下面是要使用的模板文件:



使用模板的测试


这是一个使用模板的测试文件!


当前的时间是{currenttime}!

  注:模板文件和通常的 HTML 文件差不多,唯一不同的是使用“{}”括起来的是可以被模板处理类替换的动态内容的变量。

  接下来使用模板处理类来处理上面的模板:


//引入Template类
include("template.inc");

//得到需要替换的数据
$timeNow=date("Y-m-d H:i:s",time());

//实例化一个Template类
$template= new Template();

//载入test.ihtml模板
$template->set_file("handle1","test.ihtml");

//使用$timeNow的值替换模板中的currenttime
$template->set_var("currenttime",$timeNow);

//进行实际的模板操作
$template->parse("output","handle1");

//输出最后结果
$template->p("output");
?>

  注:如果只想用PHPLIB中的模板类,只需在文件头包含Template.inc类即可。 创建Template对象时,可以指定模板文件路径,如:new Template(“/htdocs/apps/templates/”),缺省为当前路径。

  3.2 模板嵌套与块设定
  下面这个例子来自与PHPLIB的参考手册,综合性较强,这里需说明的一点是设定块的目的与嵌套无关,但这个范例包含了两者。请仔细阅读,块设定是为了避免这种情况:原本可在一个模板文件(静态页面)里完成的内容,因需要部分循环,而将部分循环内容提取单独做成模板文件。请思考,如果不用块设定,这个例子是不是需要3个模板文件呢?
模板文件1,page.ihtml


{PAGETITLE}









{PAGETITLE}

{OUT} Content




模板文件2,box.ihtml











{TITLE}
{NUM} {BIGNUM}



模板处理文件,test.php

//引入Template类
include("template.inc"
);

#实例化一个Template类,名字叫$t
$t = new Template
();

# 建立包含模板文件的数组
$t->set_file
(array(
"page" => "page.ihtml"
,
"box" => "box.ihtml"
));

# 载入模板文件box中的一个块row,引用名称为rows
$t->set_block("box", "row", "rows"
);

# 设置替换
$t->set_var(array("TITLE" => "Testpage"
,
"PAGETITLE" => "hugo"
));

# 生成数据NUM,BIGNUM
for ($i=1; $i3; $i
) {
$n = $i
;
$nn = $i*10
;
#设置替换
$t->set_var(array("NUM" => $n, "BIGNUM" => $nn
));
#进行分析,分析的结果添加到rows的后面
$t->parse("rows", "row", true
);
}

# 生成box,再生成page
$t->parse("OUT", array("box", "page"
));

# 输出最后结果
$t->p("OUT"
);
?>

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