Monitoring and tuning of Nginx load balancing

Nginx load balancing monitoring and tuning

Introduction:
With the continuous development of Internet applications, the number of visits and requests to the website is also increasing Large, in order to ensure the high availability and performance of the website, using load balancing is a very common solution. As a high-performance web server and reverse proxy server, Nginx has powerful load balancing functions. This article will introduce how to use Nginx to set up, monitor and tune load balancing, and provide specific code examples.

1. Nginx load balancing configuration
In the Nginx configuration file, define a group of backend servers through the upstream keyword, and use proxy_pass in location to specify a specific load balancing strategy. The following is a simple example code:

http {
    upstream backend {
        server backend1.example.com;
        server backend2.example.com;
    }
    
    server {
        listen 80;
        
        location / {
            proxy_pass http://backend;
        }
    }
}

In the above configuration, we defined a server group named backend, which includes two backend servers backend1.example.com and backend2.example.com. Then in the server location, use proxy_pass to forward the request to the backend server group. The load balancing strategy can be customized through some other configuration parameters of Nginx, such as weight, IP hash, etc.

2. Nginx load balancing monitoring
In order to effectively monitor the load balancing performance of Nginx, we can use some of Nginx's built-in modules and third-party modules.

1. nginx_status module
   Nginx has a built-in status module that can provide real-time server status information. In the configuration file, use the following code to enable the module:

http {
    server {
        ...
        location /nginx_status {
            stub_status on;
            access_log off;
        }
    }
}

Then, by sending an HTTP request to http://yourserver/nginx_status, you can obtain Nginx status information, including active Number of connections, number of requests, etc.

2. ngx_http_stub_status_module module
   This is a third-party module that functions similarly to the nginx_status module above, but provides more detailed information. We need to download and compile this module, and add the following code to the configuration file:

http {
    stub_status on;
    server {
        ...
        location /nginx_status {
            access_log off;
        }
    }
}

Similarly, send an HTTP request to http://yourserver/nginx_status to get a more detailed status information.

3. Nginx load balancing tuning
When performing load balancing tuning, we can optimize the configuration of Nginx to improve its performance and stability. The following are some common tuning tips:

1. Reduce the timeout period
   Set smaller values ​​for the proxy_connect_timeout and proxy_read_timeout parameters to reduce the timeout waiting time and improve user response speed.
2. Reasonable distribution of weights
   According to the performance and load of the back-end server, the weights of different servers are reasonably set so that the load can be evenly distributed to each server.
3. Enable buffer
   Enabling Nginx's buffer can reduce network transmission time and improve performance. Can be set through proxy_buffering and proxy_buffer_size parameters.

These are just some common tuning techniques, and specific tuning needs to be carried out according to the actual situation.

Conclusion:
This article introduces the setting, monitoring and tuning of Nginx load balancing. Through reasonable Nginx configuration and monitoring methods, the performance and availability of the website can be improved. At the same time, we also provide specific code examples to help readers better understand and apply. Through continuous tuning and optimization, load balancing is made more stable and efficient.

The above is the detailed content of Monitoring and tuning of Nginx load balancing. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!