Application practice and promotion of PSR2 and PSR4 specifications in CakePHP framework

The application practice and promotion of PSR2 and PSR4 specifications in the CakePHP framework - code examples

Introduction:
Nowadays, most developers are developing PHP applications Everyone hopes to follow certain coding standards when programming to improve the readability and maintainability of the code. The PSR2 and PSR4 proposed by PHP-FIG (PHP Framework Interop Group) are coding standards widely used by PHP developers. In this article, I will introduce in detail the application practice of PSR2 and PSR4 specifications in the CakePHP framework and provide specific code examples.

1. Application practice of PSR2 specification

1. Unification of code style
   PSR2 specification mainly focuses on the unification of code style, including indentation, spaces, brackets, naming, etc. In the CakePHP framework, we can force the code to follow the PSR2 specification by configuring CakePHP's code style checking tool.

First, create a .php_cs.dist file in the root directory of the project. The file content is as follows:

<?php
return PhpCsFixerConfig::create()
    ->setRiskyAllowed(true)
    ->setRules([
        '@PSR2' => true,
        // 在这里添加其他自定义的规则
    ])
    ->setFinder(
        PhpCsFixerFinder::create()
            ->exclude('vendor')
            ->in(__DIR__)
    );

Then, we install it by friendsofphp/php-cs-fixer package, and add the following script command in composer.json:

"scripts": {
    "cs-check": "php-cs-fixer fix --dry-run",
    "cs-fix": "php-cs-fixer fix"
}

Finally, execute the composer cs-check command You can check whether the code in the project complies with the PSR2 specification. Executing the composer cs-fix command can automatically fix style problems in the code.

2. Code Comment Specification
   In addition, the PSR2 specification also requires developers to make standardized comments on the code, including comments on classes, attributes, methods, etc. In the CakePHP framework, we can use PHPDoc annotations to achieve this requirement.

For example, for a controller class UserController, we can annotate according to the following example:

/**
 * Class UserController
 *
 * @package AppController
 * @property AppModelTableUsersTable $Users
 */
class UserController extends AppController
{
    /**
     * 用户列表页
     *
     * @return CakeHttpResponse|null
     */
    public function index()
    {
        // 方法逻辑......
    }
}

Through the above example, we can clearly know the control The data table corresponding to the device, the purpose of the method, and the return value and other information.

2. Application practice of PSR4 specification
PSR4 specification mainly focuses on automatic loading of PHP namespace, which provides a unified way to load classes in applications.

In the CakePHP framework, we can use the PSR4 specification through the following steps:

1. Add the following content in composer.json:

"autoload": {
    "psr-4": {
        "App\": "src/",
        "App\Test\": "tests/",
        "App\Console\": "src/Console/",
        "App\Controller\": "src/Controller/",
        // 添加其他命名空间映射
    }
}

2. Execute the composer dump-autoload command to apply the automatic loading rules to the project.
3. Use the PSR4 specification class namespace to load classes:

use AppControllerUserController;

class AppController extends CakeControllerController {
    // 控制器的代码......
}

In the above example, we used the AppControllerUserController class and did not manually include the class file. Instead, the class is loaded through automatic loading.

Conclusion:
By applying the PSR2 and PSR4 specifications to the CakePHP framework, we can improve the readability of the code, use unified coding style and coding standards, thereby improving the maintainability and team development of the project efficiency. At the same time, through the above example code, we can clearly understand how to apply these two specifications in the CakePHP framework. I believe that these practical experiences will be helpful to you in future development.

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