How to implement queue message guarantee and message persistence in PHP and MySQL

How to implement queue message guarantee and message persistence in PHP and MySQL

[Introduction]
In the Internet era, with the increase in the number of users, With the increase of system complexity, message queue has become one of the important components. The message queue can realize functions such as decoupling, asynchronous processing, peak shaving and valley filling, etc., improving the stability and scalability of the system. In practical applications, we often need to consider the reliability and persistent storage of messages. This article will introduce how to implement queue message guarantee and message persistence in PHP and MySQL.

[The concept of message queue]
Message queue is an asynchronous communication mode that is often used to solve the time coupling and space coupling problems between systems. The message queue consists of three parts: sender, receiver and message queue. The sender produces messages and sends them to the message queue, and the receiver takes the messages from the message queue for consumption. The message queue can ensure the orderliness, reliability and durable storage of messages.

[Implementation of message guarantee]
Message guarantee mainly refers to the reliability guarantee in the message delivery process to prevent message loss or repeated delivery.

1. Transaction Mode
   In PHP, you can use database transactions to achieve reliable delivery of messages. When sending a message, the message is inserted into the database and a database transaction is started. After the message is received, the transaction is submitted after confirmation processing is completed. If reception fails, the transaction is rolled back and the message re-enters the message queue.

The sample code is as follows:

<?php
// 发送消息
$pdo = new PDO("mysql:host=127.0.0.1;dbname=test", "username", "password");
$pdo->beginTransaction();
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("INSERT INTO message_queue(content) VALUES(:content)");
$content = "Hello, Message Queue!";
$stmt->bindParam(':content', $content);
$stmt->execute();
$pdo->commit();

// 接收消息
$pdo->beginTransaction();
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT * FROM message_queue LIMIT 1");
$stmt->execute();
$message = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
echo $message['content'];
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("DELETE FROM message_queue WHERE id=:id");
$stmt->bindParam(':id', $message['id']);
$stmt->execute();
$pdo->commit();
?>

2. Message confirmation mechanism
   The message confirmation mechanism means that after the receiver processes the message, it sends a confirmation message to the message queue to inform The message was processed successfully. If the message processing fails, you can choose not to send a confirmation message, and the message will be re-delivered to the message queue.

The sample code is as follows:

<?php
// 发送消息
$channel = new AMQPChannel(new AMQPConnection());
$queue = new AMQPQueue($channel);
$message = "Hello, Message Queue!";
$queue->setName('test_queue');
$queue->setFlags(AMQP_DURABLE);
$queue->declare();
$queue->publish($message, '', AMQP_DURABLE);

// 接收消息
$channel = new AMQPChannel(new AMQPConnection());
$queue = new AMQPQueue($channel);
$queue->setName('test_queue');
$queue->setFlags(AMQP_DURABLE);
$queue->declare();
$message = $queue->get();
if ($message !== false) {
    echo $message->getBody();
    $queue->ack($message->getDeliveryTag());
}
?>

[Implementation of message persistence]
Message persistence refers to the reliability of messages during transmission or when stored in the message queue. Sexual guarantee.

1. Database Storage
   Store the message in the MySQL database and use the persistence capability of the database to ensure the reliability of the message. You can use database tables to represent message queues and record the status and content of messages.

The sample code is as follows:

<?php
// 发送消息
$pdo = new PDO("mysql:host=127.0.0.1;dbname=test", "username", "password");
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("INSERT INTO message_queue(content, status) VALUES(:content, :status)");
$content = "Hello, Message Queue!";
$status = 0; // 0：未处理，1：已处理
$stmt->bindParam(':content', $content);
$stmt->bindParam(':status', $status);
$stmt->execute();

// 接收消息
$pdo = new PDO("mysql:host=127.0.0.1;dbname=test", "username", "password");
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT * FROM message_queue WHERE status=0 LIMIT 1");
$stmt->execute();
$message = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
echo $message['content'];
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("UPDATE message_queue SET status=1 WHERE id=:id");
$stmt->bindParam(':id', $message['id']);
$stmt->execute();
?>

2. Message queue persistence
   Before the message queue stores the message, set the persistence flag of the message and set the message queue to Persistence mode ensures that messages will not be lost after the service is restarted.

The sample code is as follows:

<?php
// 发送消息
$channel = new AMQPChannel(new AMQPConnection());
$queue = new AMQPQueue($channel);
$message = "Hello, Message Queue!";
$queue->setName('test_queue');
$queue->setFlags(AMQP_DURABLE);
$queue->declare();
$queue->publish($message, '', AMQP_DURABLE);

// 接收消息
$channel = new AMQPChannel(new AMQPConnection());
$queue = new AMQPQueue($channel);
$queue->setName('test_queue');
$queue->setFlags(AMQP_DURABLE);
$queue->declare();
$message = $queue->get();
if ($message !== false) {
    echo $message->getBody();
    $queue->ack($message->getDeliveryTag());
}
?>

[Summary]
This article introduces the method of implementing queue message guarantee and message persistence in PHP and MySQL. Through the transaction mode and message confirmation mechanism, reliable delivery of messages can be ensured. Through database storage and message queue persistence, persistent storage of messages can be achieved. These methods can help developers build a stable and reliable message queue system and improve the reliability and scalability of the system.

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