What are the commonly used data structures in Python?

Python is a high-level programming language that is widely used in data analysis, machine learning, web development and other fields. In Python, there are many commonly used data structures used to store and process data. This article will introduce several common data structures and provide corresponding code examples.

1. List (List):
   List is one of the most commonly used data structures in Python, used to store an ordered set of data. Lists can contain different types of elements. Elements can be accessed through indexes, and operations such as additions, deletions, modifications, and searches can be performed.

Code example:

# 创建一个列表
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

# 访问列表元素
print(my_list[0])  # 输出: 1

# 添加元素到列表末尾
my_list.append(6)
print(my_list)  # 输出: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

# 修改列表元素
my_list[0] = 0
print(my_list)  # 输出: [0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

# 删除列表元素
del my_list[5]
print(my_list)  # 输出: [0, 2, 3, 4, 5]

2. Tuple:
   Tuple is similar to a list and is also used to store a set of ordered data. The difference is that the elements of a tuple are immutable, i.e. elements cannot be modified or deleted.

Code example:

# 创建一个元组
my_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

# 访问元组元素
print(my_tuple[0])  # 输出: 1

# 元组的元素是不可变的
# my_tuple[0] = 0  # 报错: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment

# 元组的长度不可改变
# del my_tuple[4]  # 报错: 'tuple' object doesn't support item deletion

3. Dictionary:
   A dictionary is an unordered data structure used to store key-value pairs. The keys in the dictionary must be unique, and the values ​​can be any type of data. Dictionaries can be used to quickly find and store data.

Code example:

# 创建一个字典
my_dict = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25, 'gender': 'female'}

# 访问字典元素
print(my_dict['name'])  # 输出: Alice

# 添加新的键值对
my_dict['city'] = 'New York'
print(my_dict)  # 输出: {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25, 'gender': 'female', 'city': 'New York'}

# 修改字典元素
my_dict['age'] = 26
print(my_dict)  # 输出: {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 26, 'gender': 'female', 'city': 'New York'}

# 删除字典元素
del my_dict['gender']
print(my_dict)  # 输出: {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 26, 'city': 'New York'}

4. Set:
   A set is an unordered and non-repeating data structure used to store different element. Sets can perform set operations such as intersection and complement, and can also be used for deduplication.

Code examples:

# 创建一个集合
my_set = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

# 访问集合元素
for item in my_set:
    print(item)  # 输出: 1 2 3 4 5

# 添加元素到集合
my_set.add(6)
print(my_set)  # 输出: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

# 从集合中删除元素
my_set.remove(6)
print(my_set)  # 输出: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

The above introduces several common data structures in Python and corresponding code examples. In practical applications, choosing the appropriate data structure according to specific needs can improve the efficiency and maintainability of the program.

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