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4.与数据库的连接_PHP

Jun 01, 2016 pm 12:38 PM
cursor echo database connect


4.据库连接 


通过PHP你可以轻松的连接到数据库,请求数据并将其显示在你的web站点中,甚至修改数据库中的数据。MySQL是一种很流行的数据库,并且在互联网中有许多有关PHP与MySQL的教程。MySQL是免费的,这一点也许就吸引了不少人。由于其广泛应用,我就不想在这里赘述MySQL的使用方法了。Oracle被大量在企业应用中采用,因此我们就利用Oracle来介绍PHP与数据库的连接。我们当然不会提及Oracle数据库的设计原理,原因是这已经超出了我们的讨论范围。

PHP提供了两套函数与Oracle连接,分别是ORA_和OCI函数。其中ORA_函数略显陈旧。OCI函数更新据说更好一些。两者的使用语法几乎相差无几。如前所述,你的PHP安装选项应该可以支持两者的使用。

想获得更多有关在Microsoft Windows平台上安装支持PHP3的Apache服务器的知识以及更多有关Oracle数据库的知识,请查阅以下URL:www.csoft.net/~vsbabu/articles/oraphp.html。



4.1 连接



 

if ($conn=Ora_Logon("user@TNSNAME","password")) 

{

echo "SUCCESS ! Connected to database\n";



else 

{

echo "Failed :-( Could not connect to database\n";

}

Ora_Logoff($conn);

phpinfo();

?>

以上代码使用TNSNAME(在你的tnsnames.ora文件中指明)定义的Oracle数据库名称、用户名称和密码连接数据库。在成功连接的基础上,ora_logon函数返回一个非零的连接ID并储存在变量$conn中。



4.2 查询



假设与数据库已经连接就绪,下面我们就来实际的应用对数据库的查询。下面的代码演示了一个连接并查询的典型例子:



/*

* 连接数据库并执行查询

*/

function printoraerr($in_cur)

{

// 检查Oracle是否出错

// 如果存在错误则显示

// 当指针被激活时每次请求Oracle后调用该函数

if(ora_errorcode($in_cur))

echo "Oracle code - ".ora_error($in_cur)."\n";

return;

}

/** 主程序 */

if (!($conn=ora_logon("user@TNSNAME","password"))) 

{

echo "Connection to database failed\n";

exit;

}

echo "Connected as connection - $conn
\n";

echo "Opening cursor ...
\n";

$cursor=ora_open($conn); printoraerr($cursor);

echo "Opened cursor - $cursor
\n";

$qry="select user,sysdate from dual";

echo "Parsing the query $qry ...
\n";

ora_parse($cursor,$qry,0); printoraerr($cursor);

echo "Query parsed 
\n";

echo "Executing cursor ...
\n";

ora_exec($cursor); printoraerr($cursor);

echo "Executed cursor
\n";

echo "Fetching cursor ...
\n";

while(ora_fetch($cursor))

{

$user=ora_getcolumn($cursor,0); printoraerr($cursor);

$sysdate=ora_getcolumn($cursor,1); printoraerr($cursor);

echo " row = $user, $sysdate 
\n";

}

echo "Fetched all records
\n";

echo "Closing cursor ...
\n";

ora_close($cursor);

echo "Closed cursor
\n";

echo "Logging off from oracle... 
\n";

ora_logoff($conn);

echo "Logged off from oracle 
\n";

?>

(译者注:以上代码段缺少注释,请读者参考PHP Manual的Oracle数据库函数部分)



4.3 显示结果



以下代码演示了怎样查询数据库并将结果输出:



function printoraerr($in_cur, $conn)

{

// 检查Oracle是否出错

// 如果存在错误则显示

// 当指针被激活时每次请求Oracle后调用该函数

// If it encountered an error, we exit immediately

if(ora_errorcode($in_cur)) 

{

echo "Oracle code - ".ora_error($in_cur)."
n";

ora_logoff($conn);

exit;

}

return;

}



function exequery($w_qry,$conn) 

{

$cursor=ora_open($conn); printoraerr($cursor,$conn);

ora_parse($cursor,$w_qry,0); printoraerr($cursor,$conn);

ora_exec($cursor); printoraerr($cursor,$conn);

$numrows=0;

$w_numcols=ora_numcols($cursor);

// 显示头部

echo "

CELLPADDING=\"2\">

\n";

for ($i=0;$i
{

$align=(ora_columntype($cursor,$i)=="NUMBER")?"RIGHT":"LEFT";

echo "\t\n";

}

echo "\n";

while(ora_fetch($cursor))

{

echo "\n";

for ($i=0;$i
{

$align=(ora_columntype($cursor,$i)=="NUMBER")?"RIGHT":"LEFT";

if(ora_columntype($cursor,$i)=="LONG")

echo "\n";

else

echo "\n";

printoraerr($cursor,$conn);

}

$numrows++;

echo "\n";

}

if ($numrows==0)

echo "\n";

else 

{

echo "\n";

echo "\n";

echo "\n";

echo "\n";

}

echo "
".ora_columnname($cursor,$i)."
".<br><br>ora_getcolumn($cursor,$i)."
Copy after login
".ora_getcolumn($cursor,$i)."
Query 
returned no records

Count$numrows
\n";

ora_close($cursor);

return;

}



// 主程序

if(!($conn=ora_logon("user@SID","password"))) 

{

echo "Error: Cannot connect to database\n";

exit;

}

$qry="SELECT

deptno \"Dept\"

,empno \"Emp\"

,empnm \"Name\"

,salary \"Salary\"

FROM

employee

ORDER BY 1,2";

exequery($qry);

ora_logoff($conn);

?>

(译者注:以上代码段缺少注释,请读者参考PHP Manual的Oracle数据库函数部分)



4.4 基于HTTP的Oracle登录



将以下代码加在PHP页面代码之前以确认Oracle登录。注意你必须正确设定$ SID。

 

if(!isset($PHP_AUTH_USER)) 

{

Header("WWW-authenticate: basic realm=\"$SID\"");

Header("HTTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized");

$title="Login Instructions";

echo "


You are not authorized to enter the site

 \n";

exit;



else 

{

if (!($conn=ora_logon("$PHP_AUTH_USER@$SID",$PHP_AUTH_PW))) 

{

Header("WWW-authenticate: basic realm=\"$SID\"");

Header("HTTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized");

$title="Login Instructions";

echo "


You are not authorised to enter the site

 \n";

exit;

}

}

?>
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