How to use PHP to develop custom menus on WeChat public accounts

How to use PHP to develop custom menus on WeChat public accounts

WeChat public accounts are a very important medium. Many companies and individuals choose to use WeChat public accounts. for promotion and communication. The custom menu is an integral part of the WeChat official account and can help improve user experience and navigation functions. This article will introduce how to use PHP to develop custom menus and provide specific code examples.

First of all, we need to understand the related concepts and limitations of the WeChat official account custom menu.

1. Types of custom menus
   In WeChat public accounts, there are three main types of custom menus: click push events, jump URLs, and scan code push events.

• Click push event: After the user clicks on the menu, the WeChat server will push a message to the URL configured by the developer. The developer can handle the user's request in this URL.
• Jump URL: After the user clicks on the menu, it will jump directly to the URL page specified by the developer.
• Scan code push event: After the user clicks on the menu, the WeChat client will bring up the interface for scanning the QR code. After the user scans, the WeChat server will push the scan results to the URL configured by the developer.

2. Restrictions on custom menus
   In WeChat public accounts, there are some restrictions on custom menus. Developers need to abide by the following rules:

• Up to 3 first-level menus can be set, and each first-level menu can have up to 5 second-level menus.
• The first-level menu can contain up to 4 Chinese characters, and the second-level menu can contain up to 7 Chinese characters.
• The menu name cannot be repeated.
• The first-level menu and the second-level menu cannot be exactly the same.

After understanding the related concepts and limitations of custom menus, we started to use PHP to develop custom menus.

1. Preparation work
   First, we need the AppID and AppSecret of a WeChat official account. You can apply for an account on the WeChat public platform and create a public account, and then obtain the AppID and AppSecret in the Developer Center.
2. Get access_token
   Before creating, querying and deleting menus, we need to obtain access_token for the next operations. access_token is the only credential for calling the WeChat interface.

The interface address for obtaining access_token is:

https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=APPID&secret=APPSECRET

Among them, APPID and APPSECRET need to be replaced with your own AppID and AppSecret.

We can use PHP's cURL library to send HTTP requests and get the returned JSON data. The specific code is as follows:

function getAccessToken($appID, $appSecret) {
    $url = 'https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=' . $appID . '&secret=' . $appSecret;
    
    $ch = curl_init();
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
    $data = curl_exec($ch);
    curl_close($ch);
    
    $result = json_decode($data, true);
    if(isset($result['access_token'])){
        return $result['access_token'];
    }else{
        return false;
    }
}

$appID = 'your_appid';
$appSecret = 'your_appsecret';
$accessToken = getAccessToken($appID, $appSecret);
if(!$accessToken){
    // 获取access_token失败
    // 处理错误逻辑
}

3. Create a custom menu
   After obtaining the access_token, we can use the official interface to create a custom menu. The interface address is:

   https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/menu/create?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN

   Among them, ACCESS_TOKEN is the access_token we obtained in the previous step.

The JSON data format for creating a custom menu is as follows:

{
    "button": [
        {
            "name": "菜单1",
            "sub_button": [
                {
                    "type": "click",
                    "name": "点击事件",
                    "key": "click_event"
                },
                {
                    "type": "view",
                    "name": "跳转URL",
                    "url": "http://www.example.com"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "name": "菜单2",
            "sub_button": [
                {
                    "type": "scancode_push",
                    "name": "扫码推事件",
                    "key": "scan_event"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "type": "view",
            "name": "跳转URL",
            "url": "http://www.example.com"
        }
    ]
}

An example of using PHP to send a request to create a custom menu is as follows:

function createMenu($accessToken, $menuData) {
    $url = 'https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/menu/create?access_token=' . $accessToken;
    
    $ch = curl_init();
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $menuData);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
    $data = curl_exec($ch);
    curl_close($ch);
    
    $result = json_decode($data, true);
    if(isset($result['errcode']) && $result['errcode'] == 0){
        return true;
    }else{
        return false;
    }
}

$menuData = '{
    "button": [
        {
            "name": "菜单1",
            "sub_button": [
                {
                    "type": "click",
                    "name": "点击事件",
                    "key": "click_event"
                },
                {
                    "type": "view",
                    "name": "跳转URL",
                    "url": "http://www.example.com"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "name": "菜单2",
            "sub_button": [
                {
                    "type": "scancode_push",
                    "name": "扫码推事件",
                    "key": "scan_event"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "type": "view",
            "name": "跳转URL",
            "url": "http://www.example.com"
        }
    ]
}';

if(createMenu($accessToken, $menuData)){
    // 创建自定义菜单成功
    // 处理成功逻辑
}else{
    // 创建自定义菜单失败
    // 处理失败逻辑
}

The above is Complete steps and sample code to develop WeChat official account custom menu using PHP. Through the above steps, we can easily create a custom menu on the WeChat official account, and perform corresponding jumps and event processing as needed. Hope this article is helpful to everyone!

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