Go language document interpretation: detailed explanation of net/http.NewServeMux function

Go language is a fast and easy-to-use programming language with efficient memory management and good concurrency features. The net/http package in its standard library provides the implementation of HTTP client and server, and also provides many HTTP-related functions. Among them, the NewServeMux function is a very commonly used function. It can create an HTTP request router and bind the router to the HTTP server. This article will provide a detailed explanation of the NewServeMux function in the net/http package and provide specific code examples.

The NewServeMux function is defined as follows:

func NewServeMux() *ServeMux

This function returns a new ServeMux object, which implements the http.Handler interface, so it can As the main entry point of the HTTP server.

ServeMux is a structure type, which is defined as follows:

type ServeMux struct {

// contains filtered or unexported fields

}

The ServeMux structure implements the http.Handler interface , so HTTP requests and responses can be processed. The ServeMux structure contains a mapping table internally for routing requests to different processing functions. When the HTTP server receives a request, it will match the request path with the mapping table inside ServeMux, and then route the request to the corresponding processing function.

The following is a simple HTTP server example that uses the NewServeMux function to create a request router and bind the router to the server:

package main

import (

"fmt"
"net/http"

)

func main() {

mux := http.NewServeMux()

mux.HandleFunc("/hello", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    fmt.Fprintln(w, "Hello, World!")
})

server := http.Server{
    Addr:    ":8080",
    Handler: mux,
}

err := server.ListenAndServe()
if err != nil {
    fmt.Println(err)
}

}

In the above example, we created a file named Request router for mux. We then use the mux.HandleFunc function to route the request to the handler function on the "/hello" path. The handleRequest function will be called when a request on the "/hello" path is received, and the "Hello, World!" string will be output to the HTTP response. Finally, we create an HTTP server object named server and bind it to the mux variable, so that when the HTTP server receives a request, it will use the mux variable to route the request to the handleRequest function.

Note that the NewServeMux function returns a pointer to the ServeMux object, so we need to use the mux variable to reference the object. In addition, we also need to use the mux.HandleFunc function to route the request to the request processing function. This function accepts a string and a function of type http.HandlerFunc as parameters, where the string parameter represents the request path and the function parameter represents the request processing function. In the above example, we use an anonymous function as the implementation of the handleRequest function.

Summary:

This article provides a detailed interpretation of the NewServeMux function in the net/http package and provides specific code examples. The NewServeMux function creates an HTTP request router and binds the router to the HTTP server. Using the NewServeMux function can make the HTTP server code more modular and easier to maintain. In order to use the NewServeMux function correctly, we need to understand the implementation details of ServeMux and use the mux.HandleFunc function to route the request to the correct handler function.

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