How to implement date picker in Vue

How to implement date picker in Vue

日期选择器在前端开发中是非常常见的功能之一，它能够方便用户选择特定日期，从而满足各种业务需求。在Vue中实现日期选择器可以借助第三方库，例如element-ui或者vue-datepicker等，也可以自己手动编写组件来实现。本文将以自己编写组件的方式来演示How to implement date picker in Vue，下面是具体步骤及代码示例。

1. 创建Datepicker.vue组件文件

首先，我们需要创建一个名为Datepicker.vue的组件文件，该文件将包含我们编写的日期选择器组件的代码。代码如下：

<template>
  <div class="datepicker">
    <input
      type="text"
      v-model="selectedDate"
      @focus="showDatePicker"
      @blur="hideDatePicker"
    >
    <div v-if="isDatePickerVisible" class="datepicker-popover">
      <div class="datepicker-header">
        <button @click="prevMonth"><</button>
        <span>{{ currentMonth }}</span>
        <button @click="nextMonth">></button>
      </div>
      <div class="datepicker-grid">
        <div
          v-for="(date, index) in calendar"
          :key="index"
          :class="{ 'datepicker-date': true, 'datepicker-disabled': date.disabled, 'datepicker-selected': date.selected }"
          @click="selectDate(date)"
        >
          {{ date.day }}
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  data() {
    return {
      selectedDate: "",
      isDatePickerVisible: false,
      currentMonth: "",
      calendar: [],
    };
  },
  mounted() {
    this.initCalendar();
  },
  methods: {
    initCalendar() {
      const now = new Date();
      const year = now.getFullYear();
      const month = now.getMonth() + 1;
      this.currentMonth = `${year}-${month}`;

      const daysInMonth = new Date(year, month, 0).getDate();
      const firstDayOfMonth = new Date(year, month - 1, 1).getDay();
      const lastDayOfMonth = new Date(year, month, 0).getDay();

      const calendar = [];
      let dayCount = 1;

      // 添加上个月的结尾日期
      for (let i = firstDayOfMonth - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
        calendar.push({
          day: new Date(year, month - 1, 0 - i).getDate(),
          disabled: true,
          selected: false,
        });
      }

      // 添加本月的日期
      for (let i = 1; i <= daysInMonth; i++) {
        calendar.push({
          day: i,
          disabled: false,
          selected: false,
        });
      }

      // 添加下个月的开始日期
      for (let i = lastDayOfMonth + 1; i < 7; i++) {
        calendar.push({
          day: dayCount,
          disabled: true,
          selected: false,
        });
        dayCount++;
      }

      this.calendar = calendar;
    },
    showDatePicker() {
      this.isDatePickerVisible = true;
    },
    hideDatePicker() {
      this.isDatePickerVisible = false;
    },
    prevMonth() {
      const [year, month] = this.currentMonth.split("-");
      const prevMonth = `${year}-${parseInt(month) - 1}`;
      this.currentMonth = prevMonth;
      this.updateCalendar();
    },
    nextMonth() {
      const [year, month] = this.currentMonth.split("-");
      const nextMonth = `${year}-${parseInt(month) + 1}`;
      this.currentMonth = nextMonth;
      this.updateCalendar();
    },
    selectDate(date) {
      if (!date.disabled) {
        this.selectedDate = `${this.currentMonth}-${date.day}`;
        this.calendar.forEach((item) => {
          item.selected = false;
        });
        date.selected = true;
      }
    },
    updateCalendar() {
      this.initCalendar();
      this.$nextTick(() => {
        this.calendar.forEach((date, index) => {
          const dateElem = this.$el.getElementsByClassName(
            "datepicker-date"
          )[index];
          if (dateElem.classList.contains("datepicker-selected")) {
            date.selected = true;
          }
        });
      });
    },
  },
};
</script>

<style>
.datepicker {
  position: relative;
  display: inline-block;
}

.datepicker input {
  padding: 6px 12px;
  border: 1px solid #ccc;
}

.datepicker-popover {
  position: absolute;
  top: 100%;
  left: 0;
  width: 220px;
  padding: 10px;
  background-color: #fff;
  border: 1px solid #ccc;
}

.datepicker-header {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
}

.datepicker-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(7, 1fr);
  grid-gap: 4px;
  margin-top: 4px;
}

.datepicker-date {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  height: 30px;
  border: 1px solid #ccc;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.datepicker-disabled {
  color: #ccc;
  background-color: #f5f5f5;
  cursor: not-allowed;
}

.datepicker-selected {
  background-color: #e6f7ff;
}
</style>

2. 在需要使用日期选择器的页面中引入Datepicker组件

在需要使用日期选择器的页面中，使用import语句引入刚才创建的Datepicker组件，并在components选项中注册该组件。然后在模板中使用<Datepicker></Datepicker>标签即可。

<template>
  <div>
    <h1 id="日期选择器示例">日期选择器示例</h1>
    <Datepicker></Datepicker>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import Datepicker from "./Datepicker.vue";

export default {
  components: {
    Datepicker,
  },
};
</script>

至此，我们已经实现了一个基本的日期选择器组件。用户可以点击输入框弹出日期选择器，并在选择日期后自动更新输入框的值。通过点击月份切换按钮，用户可以切换日历中显示的月份。

总结

本文详细介绍了在Vue中如何手动编写一个日期选择器组件，并给出了具体的代码示例。通过这个示例，我们可以了解到日期选择器的基本原理，并可以根据需要进行扩展和改进。希望本文对您理解Vue中日期选择器的实现有所帮助。

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