How to achieve underlying optimization of MySQL: Advanced best practices for data backup and recovery

How to achieve underlying optimization of MySQL: Advanced best practices for data backup and recovery

Abstract:
MySQL is the most popular relational database management system in the world One, but in practical applications, data backup and recovery are very important. This article will introduce advanced best practices for data backup and recovery in MySQL underlying optimization, and provide specific code examples.

Introduction:
In the modern business environment, a large amount of important data is stored in the database. Therefore, effective data backup and timely recovery are very important in the face of hardware failure, human error, or other unforeseen circumstances. The underlying optimization of MySQL can provide better data backup and recovery performance, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the system.

1. Data backup

1. Backup method
   MySQL provides a variety of backup methods, including logical backup and physical backup. Logical backup exports data in the form of readable files, such as SQL statements, which can be achieved using the mysqldump tool. Physical backup directly copies the database file, which can be achieved by using the mysqlpump tool or copying the data file.

Logical backup is a common backup method. Its advantage is that it can be cross-platform and facilitate data migration and import. However, due to the need to parse and execute a large number of SQL statements during the backup and recovery process, the speed is relatively slow.

Physical backup directly copies the database files, which is faster. However, since the files are copied directly, they cannot be cross-platform and are not suitable for data migration and import.

2. Regular backup
   In order to ensure the integrity and timeliness of data backup, regular backup is required. You can use scheduled tasks to perform backup operations, such as using Crontab to regularly execute backup scripts.

The frequency of backing up data can be determined according to actual needs. Generally, you can choose daily backup, weekly backup or monthly backup. At the same time, you can set the backup time point according to the actual situation to avoid the impact of backup operations on normal business.

3. Backup Storage
   Backup data needs to be stored on reliable media so that it can be quickly restored when needed. You can choose to store backup data on local disk, network storage device or cloud storage.

For local disks, you can select multiple hard disks to store backup data to improve data reliability. For network storage devices or cloud storage, backup data can be transmitted over the network and stored in a distributed file system to provide highly available backup storage.

2. Data recovery

1. Recovery process
   When you need to restore data, you must first determine the integrity and validity of the backup file. You can verify it through the file hash value. test. Then, select the appropriate backup file for recovery operation.

Logical recovery is achieved by executing SQL statements. You can use the mysql command line or SQL tools (such as MySQL Workbench) to execute the SQL statements in the backup file.

Physical recovery requires copying the backup file to the data directory, and then restarting the MySQL service so that it can recognize the backup file and perform data recovery.

2. Recovery Verification
   After the data recovery is completed, the data needs to be verified to ensure the integrity and correctness of the data. You can verify it by comparing the data before and after the backup, comparing the number of data rows, field values, index information, etc.

You can write scripts to automate the verification process, such as using Python to write a script to compare data from two databases and output the verification results.

Code example:

Logical backup script:

#!/bin/bash

BACKUP_DIR="/path/to/backup"
DB_NAME="your_database"
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)
BACKUP_FILE="${BACKUP_DIR}/${DB_NAME}_${DATE}.sql"

mysqldump -u username -p password --databases ${DB_NAME} > ${BACKUP_FILE}

Physical backup script:

#!/bin/bash

BACKUP_DIR="/path/to/backup"
DB_DATA="/path/to/mysql/data"
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)
BACKUP_FILE="${BACKUP_DIR}/${DB_NAME}_${DATE}.tar.gz"

tar -czvf ${BACKUP_FILE} ${DB_DATA}

Data recovery script:

#!/bin/bash

RESTORE_FILE="/path/to/backup/your_database_20220101010101.sql"

mysql -u username -p password < ${RESTORE_FILE}

Conclusion:
Through the advanced best practices of MySQL underlying optimization introduced in this article, more efficient and reliable data backup and recovery can be achieved. At the same time, reasonable selection of backup methods, regular backup and appropriate backup storage are also important steps to achieve data backup and recovery. Through effective data recovery processes and verification methods, the correctness and integrity of data recovery can be guaranteed.

Reference:

1. MySQL official documentation - backup and recovery: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/backup-and-recovery. html
2. Geek Academy-MySQL backup and recovery: https://wiki.jikexueyuan.com/project/mysql-tutorial/backup-recovery.html

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