How to implement underlying concurrency processing in PHP

How to implement the underlying concurrent processing of PHP requires specific code examples

In the process of web development, it is often necessary to handle a large number of concurrent requests. If concurrent processing is not used, This method will cause problems such as long response time and excessive server pressure. PHP is a language for web development. Its built-in multi-threading support is relatively weak, but it can achieve underlying concurrency processing through other methods.

1. Principle introduction

In PHP, each request will be processed by a new process or thread opened by the web server. In order to improve concurrency, multi-process or multi-thread methods can be used at the bottom to process multiple requests at the same time, thereby achieving the effect of improving concurrency.

The multi-process method is implemented by creating a child process through the fork function. The child process will inherit the context (variables, file descriptors, etc.) of the parent process and can share memory. Multi-threading is implemented through the pthread extension, which provides an API for creating threads that can share the context of the process.

2. Library to implement concurrent processing

1. Swoole

Swoole is an extension written in C, providing a set of high-performance, asynchronous, event The driven network programming framework can help us quickly implement PHP's underlying concurrent processing. Swoole supports asynchronous TCP/UDP/Unix Socket protocols, HTTP/WebSocket servers, as well as asynchronous MySQL, Redis, DNS queries and other functions.

The following is an example of a simple HTTP server implemented using Swoole:

<?php
$http = new swoole_http_server("0.0.0.0", 9501);

$http->on("start", function ($server) {
    echo "Swoole http server is started at http://127.0.0.1:9501
";
});

$http->on("request", function ($request, $response) {
    $response->header("Content-Type", "text/plain");
    $response->end("Hello Swoole!");
});

$http->start();

2. Amp

Amp is an asynchronous programming framework based on PHP that provides A set of coroutines and asynchronous non-blocking IO APIs can help us implement underlying concurrent processing. Amp supports asynchronous TCP/UDP/Unix Socket protocols, HTTP/HTTPS clients, servers, and asynchronous MySQL, PostgreSQL, Redis, Memcached and other functions.

The following is an example of a simple HTTP server implemented using Amp:

<?php
require 'vendor/autoload.php';

use AmpHttpServerHttpServer;
use AmpHttpServerRequestHandlerCallableRequestHandler;
use AmpHttpServerResponse;
use AmpHttpStatus;

$server = new HttpServer([new CallableRequestHandler(function () {
    return new Response(Status::OK, ['content-type' => 'text/plain'], 'Hello, world!');
})]);

$socket = AmpSocketlisten('0.0.0.0:9501');

$server->listen($socket);

AmpLoop::run();

3. Underlying multi-process/multi-thread code example

Using PCNTL extension can very conveniently implement PHP Multi-process programming, the following is a simple multi-process example:

<?php
$workerNum = 3; // 子进程数量

// 父进程等待子进程结束并回收资源
for ($i = 0; $i < $workerNum; $i++) {
    $pid = pcntl_fork();
    if ($pid < 0) {
        // 创建子进程失败
        exit('fork failed');
    } elseif ($pid == 0) {
        // 子进程代码
        echo 'worker ', $i, " pid is ", posix_getpid(), "
";
        // 这里是子进程具体的处理逻辑
        sleep(10);
        exit(0);
    }
}

while (($ret = pcntl_waitpid(-1, $status, WNOHANG)) != -1) {
    // 回收子进程资源
    if ($ret > 0) {
        echo "worker ", $ret, " exit with status ", $status, "
";
    } else {
        break;
    }
}

Using the pthreads extension can easily implement multi-threaded programming in PHP, the following is a simple multi-thread example:

<?php
class MyWorker extends Thread {
    public function run() {
        echo 'Worker ', $this->getThreadId(), " starts
";
        // 这里是子线程具体的处理逻辑
        sleep(10);
        echo 'Worker ', $this->getThreadId(), " ends
";
    }
}

$workerNum = 3; // 子线程数量

$workers = [];
for ($i = 0; $i < $workerNum; $i++) {
    $workers[] = new MyWorker();
}

foreach ($workers as $worker) {
    $worker->start();
}

foreach ($workers as $worker) {
    $worker->join();
}

The above are two commonly used low-level multi-process/multi-thread programming methods. Of course, more advanced methods can also be used, such as using third-party frameworks such as ReactPHP and Workerman. In actual applications, it is necessary to choose an appropriate solution based on business scenarios and needs to achieve PHP's underlying concurrent processing.

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