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mysql中selectdistinct的用法_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 12:58 PM

在使用mysql时,有时需要查询出某个字段不重复的记录,虽然mysql提供有distinct这个关键字来过滤掉多余的重复记录只保留一条,但往往只用它来返回不重复记录的条数,而不是用它来返回不重记录的所有值。其原因是distinct只能返回它的目标字段,而无法返回其它字段,经过实验,有如下方法可以实现。

举例如下:
这是test表的结构
id test1 test2
1 a 1
2 a 2
3 a 3
4 a 1
5 b 1
6 b 2
7 b 3
8 b 2
比如我想用一条语句查询得到test1不重复的所有数据,那就必须使用distinct去掉多余的重复记录。
select distinct test1 from test
得到的结果是:
test1
a
b
好像达到效果了,可是,我想要得到的是id值?改一下查询语句吧:
select distinct test1, id from test


test1 id
a 1
a 2
a 3
a 4
b 5
b 6
b 7
b 8
distinct怎么没起作用?作用是起了的,不过他同时作用了两个字段,也就是必须得id与test1都相同的才会被排除,这不可能的,id是自动增长的。。。

我们再改改查询语句:

select id, distinct test1 from test
很遗憾,除了错误信息你什么也得不到,distinct必须放在开头。难到不能把distinct放到where条件里?能,照样报错。。。。。。。

通过查阅手册,可以通过group_cancat来实现:
SELECT id, group_concat( DISTINCT test1 ) FROM test GROUP BY test1
id group_concat( distinct test1 )
1 a
5 b
不过它只有在4.1.0以后才能用,对于那些老版本的数据库是不行的。


可以通过其他函数来实现:
select *, count(distinct test1) from test group by test1
id test1 test2 count( distinct test1 )
1 a 1 1
5 b 1 1
最后一项是多余的,不用管就行了,目的达到。。。。。

还有更简单的方法也可以实现:
select id, test1 from test group by test1
id test1
1 a
5 b

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