MySQLStudy之--MySQLCluster（集群）构建

MySQL Study之--MySQL Cluster（集群）构建

一、Mysql Cluster概述与部署

MySql Cluster最显著的优点就是高可用性,高实时性,高冗余,扩展性强。
它允许在无共享的系统中部署"内存中"数据库的Cluster.通过无共享体系结构,系统能够使用廉价的硬件.此外,由于每个组件有自己的内存和磁盘,所以不存在单点故障.
它由一组计算机构成,每台计算机上均运行者多种进程,包括mysql服务器,NDB cluster的数据节点,管理服务启,以及专门的数据访问程序

所有的这些节点构成一个完整的mysql集群体系.数据保存在"NDB存储服务器"的存储引擎中,表(结构)则保存在"mysql服务器"中.应用程序通过"mysql服务器"访问这些数据表,集群管理服务器通过管理工具(ndb_mgmd)来管理"NDB存储服务器".

基本概念

"NDB"是一种"内存中"的存储引擎,它具有可用性高和数据一致性好的特点.

下面介绍mysql cluster 节点时,它表示进程.在单台计算机上可以有任意数目的节点.

管理节点(MGM):这类节点的作用是管理mysql cluster内的其他节点,如配置文件和cluster 日志,启动并停止节点,运行备份等.cluster中的每个节点从管理服务器上检索配置数据,并请求管理服务器所在位置的方式.当数据节点内出现新的事件时,节点将关于这类事件的信息传输到管理服务器上,然后,又将这类信息写入cluster日志。由于这类节点负责管理其他节点的配置,所以应在启动其他节点之前首先启动这类节点.MGM节点是用命令"ndb_mgmd"来启动
数据节点(NDB):这类节点用于保存cluster的数据.数据节点的数目与副本的数目相关,是片段的倍数.假设有2个副本,每个副本有2个片段,那么就有4个数据节点.不过没有必要设置多个副本.数据节点是用命令"ndbd"来启动的.
SQL节点：这是用来访问cluster数据的节点.对于MYSQL cluster来说,客户端节点是使用NDB cluster存储引擎的传统Mysql服务器.通常,sql节点使用将"ndb cluster"添加到"my.cnf"后使用"mysqld" 启动
此外,可以有任意数目的cluster客户端进程或应该程序.它们分为两种类型,即标准mysql客户端和管理客户端.
标准mysql客户端:能够从php,perl,c,c++,java,python,ruby等编写的现有mysql应用程序上访问mysql cluster
管理客户端:这类客户端与管理服务器相连,并提供了启动和停止节点,启动和停止消息跟踪,显示节点版本和状态,启动和停止备份等命令.

以下是mysql cluster 架构示意图:

二、案例分析

系统环境：

操作系统： RedHat EL6（Linux mysrv 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64）

Cluster Soft: mysql-cluster-gpl-7.2.8.tar.gz（源码包）

一般在企业应用中mysql cluster最少要建立5个node，一个管理节点，2个ndb数据节点，2个sql节点；本案例为测试环境，可以将管理节点、数据节点及SQL节点放在同一台机器上。

如图所示：

管理节点1： 192.168.8.249/24 数据节点1： 192.168.8.249/24 数据节点2: 192.168.8.245/24 SQL节点1: 192.168.8.249/24 SQL节点2: 192.168.8.245/24

1、配置系统网络环境

[root@mysrv ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
192.168.8.245 rh6.cuug.net rh6

192.168.8.249 mysrv

2、安装mysql-cluster 软件

在两个node上都需要安装：

[root@rh6 oracle]# ls -l

-rwxr--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 28540933 Aug 4 16:09 mysql-cluster-gpl-7.2.8.tar.gz

将软件解压到/usr/local下：

[root@mysrv oracle]# tar zxvf mysql-cluster-gpl-7.2.8.tar.gz -C /usr/local

安装需要cmake工具，如果是redhat el5需要下载安装；如果是redhat el6，则系统自带。

cmake install (rh55)：
[root@rh6 local]#tar zxvf cmake-3.3.0-Linux-i386.tar.gz
[root@rh6 local]# cp -r /home/oracle/cmake-3.3.0-Linux-i386 /usr/local
[root@rh6 local]# mv /home/oracle/cmake-3.3.0-Linux-i386 cmake
[root@rh6 local]# cat /etc/profile
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/cmake/bin
[root@rh6 local]#ln -s /usr/local/cmake/bin/cmake /bin/cmake

安装clustre 软件：

1）通过cmake测试编译环境

[root@rh6 mysql]#mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql
[root@rh6 mysql]#mkdir -p /data/ndbdata/

[root@rh6 mysql-cluster-gpl-7.2.8]# cmake

-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \

-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql-cluster.sock \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/ndbdata \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=0 \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_NDBCLUSTER_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DMYSQL_USER=mysql \
-DWITH_DEBUG=0 \
-DWITH_SSL=yes\
-DWITH_NDB_JAVA=OFF

....
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/gcc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/gcc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Looking for SHM_HUGETLB
-- Looking for SHM_HUGETLB - found
-- MySQL 5.5.27-ndb-7.2.8
-- Looking for sys/types.h
-- Looking for sys/types.h - found
-- Looking for stdint.h
-- Looking for stdint.h - found
-- Looking for stddef.h
-- Looking for stddef.h - found
-- Check size of void *
-- Check size of void * - done
-- Packaging as: mysql-cluster-7.2.8-Linux-x86_64
-- Looking for floor
-- Looking for floor - not found
-- Looking for floor in m
-- Looking for floor in m - found
-- Looking for gethostbyname_r
-- Looking for gethostbyname_r - found
-- Looking for bind
-- Looking for bind - found
-- Looking for crypt
-- Looking for crypt - not found
......

2）make 编译
[root@rh6 mysql-cluster-gpl-7.2.8]# make

......
99%] Building CXX object sql/CMakeFiles/sql.dir/sql_signal.cc.o
[ 99%] Building CXX object sql/CMakeFiles/sql.dir/rpl_handler.cc.o
[ 99%] Building CXX object sql/CMakeFiles/sql.dir/mdl.cc.o
[ 99%] Building CXX object sql/CMakeFiles/sql.dir/sql_admin.cc.o
[ 99%] Building CXX object sql/CMakeFiles/sql.dir/transaction.cc.o
[ 99%] Building CXX object sql/CMakeFiles/sql.dir/sys_vars.cc.o
[ 99%] Building CXX object sql/CMakeFiles/sql.dir/sql_truncate.cc.o
[ 99%] Building CXX object sql/CMakeFiles/sql.dir/datadict.cc.o
[100%] Building CXX object sql/CMakeFiles/sql.dir/sql_reload.cc.o
[100%] Building CXX object sql/CMakeFiles/sql.dir/sql_yacc.cc.o
......
3）make install安装软件
[root@rh6 mysql-cluster-gpl-7.2.8]#make install
[ 0%] Built target INFO_BIN
[ 0%] Built target INFO_SRC
[ 0%] Built target abi_check
[ 3%] Built target edit
[ 6%] Built target strings
[ 14%] Built target mysys
[ 15%] Built target dbug
[ 16%] Built target comp_err
[ 16%] Built target GenError
[ 16%] Built target federated
[ 16%] Built target csv
[ 16%] Built target mysqlservices
[ 16%] Built target archive
[ 16%] Built target example
[ 17%] Built target ndbportlib
[ 24%] Built target ndbsignaldata
[ 24%] Built target ndblogger
[ 27%] Built target ndbgeneral
[ 27%] Built target ndbtrace
[ 28%] Built target ndbtransport
[ 28%] Built target ndbmgmcommon
[ 28%] Built target ndbconf
[ 28%] Built target ndbmgmapi
[ 32%] Built target ndbapi
......

----至此，软件安装成功！

三、配置mysql cluster

[root@rh6 mysql]#chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@rh6 mysql]#chown -R mysql.mysql /data/ndbdata/

初始化mysql server：

[root@rh6 mysql]#/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --user=mysql --datadir=/data/ndbdata

1、Cluster 配置：(管理节点和数据节点）

[root@mysrv mysql]# cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
[root@mysrv bin]# cp ndb_mgm* /usr/local/bin
1）建立管理节点配置文件
[root@mysrv bin]# mkdir /etc/ndbdata
[root@mysrv ~]# mkdir /data/backup

[root@mysrv ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/backup

[root@mysrv bin]# cat /etc/ndbdata/config.ini

<strong>[NDBD DEFAULT]</strong>
<span style="color: rgb(0, 130, 0); font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 13.75px; white-space: pre;">#定义在Cluster环境中相同数据的份数，最大为4</span>
NoOfReplicas=2

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<span style="color: rgb(0, 130, 0); font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 13.75px; white-space: pre;">#分配的数据内存大小，根据本机服务器内存适量来分配,否则会连接失败</span>
DataMemory=128M

Copy after login

<span style="color: rgb(0, 130, 0); font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 13.75px; white-space: pre;">#设定用于存放索引（非主键）数据的内存段大小</span>
IndexMemory=32M
 
<strong>[NDB_MGMD]</strong>
nodeid=1
hostname=192.168.8.249
datadir=/data/ndbdata
 
<strong>[NDBD]</strong>
nodeid=2
hostname=192.168.8.249
datadir=/data/ndbdata
backupdatadir=/data/backup
 
<strong>[NDBD]</strong>
nodeid=3
hostname=192.168.8.245
datadir=/data/ndbdata
backupdatadir=/data/backup
 
<strong>[MYSQLD]</strong>
nodeid=4
hostname=192.168.8.249
 
<strong>[MYSQLD]</strong>
nodeid=5
hostname=192.168.8.245

<strong>[MYSQLD]</strong>

Copy after login

在另外的node上也建立config.ini（rh6）
[root@rh6 ~]#mkdir /etc/ndbdata/
[root@rh6 ~]#mkdir /data/backup
[root@rh6 ~]#chown -R mysql.mysql /data/backup
[root@rh6 ~]#ls /etc/ndbdata/
config.ini
[root@rh6 ~]#cat /etc/ndbdata/config.ini

<strong>[NDBD DEFAULT]</strong>

NoOfReplicas=2
DataMemory=128M
IndexMemory=32M
 
<strong>[NDB_MGMD]</strong>
nodeid=1
hostname=192.168.8.249
datadir=/data/ndbdata
 
<strong>[NDBD]</strong>
nodeid=2
hostname=192.168.8.249
datadir=/data/ndbdata
backupdatadir=/data/backup
 
<strong>[NDBD]</strong>
nodeid=3
hostname=192.168.8.245
datadir=/data/ndbdata
backupdatadir=/data/backup
 
<strong>[MYSQLD]</strong>
nodeid=4
hostname=192.168.8.249
 
<strong>[MYSQLD]</strong>
nodeid=5
hostname=192.168.8.245

<strong>[MYSQLD]</strong>

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2）配置SQL节点（mysrv和rh6）

[root@mysrv bin]# cat /etc/my.cnf

<strong>[mysql_cluster]</strong>
ndb-connectstring=192.168.8.249

<strong>[mysqld]</strong>
datadir = /data/ndbdata
ndbcluster
ndb-connectstring=192.168.8.249

Copy after login

四、启动Cluster服务

1)先启动管理节点服务器.

2)启动NDB存储节点服务器.

3)启动SQL节点服务器.

1、启动管理节点

[root@mysrv bin]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/ndb_mgmd -f /etc/ndbdata/config.ini
MySQL Cluster Management Server mysql-5.5.27 ndb-7.2.8
2015-08-06 17:25:40 [MgmtSrvr] INFO -- The default config directory '/usr/local/mysql/mysql-cluster' does not exist. Trying to create it...
2015-08-06 17:25:40 [MgmtSrvr] INFO -- Sucessfully created config directory
2015-08-06 17:25:40 [MgmtSrvr] WARNING -- at line 35: Cluster configuration warning:
arbitrator with id 1 and db node with id 2 on same host 192.168.8.249
Running arbitrator on the same host as a database node may
cause complete cluster shutdown in case of host failure.

2、启动数据节点（初次启动需用 initial参数）
[root@mysrv bin]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/ndbd --initial
2015-08-06 17:26:58 [ndbd] INFO -- Angel connected to '192.168.8.249:1186'

2015-08-06 17:26:58 [ndbd] INFO -- Angel allocated nodeid: 2

管理节点启动后，会在：1186端口监听：

[root@mysrv bin]# netstat -an |grep :1186
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:1186 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:38664 127.0.0.1:1186 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 192.168.8.249:1186 192.168.8.249:39603 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:1186 127.0.0.1:38664 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 192.168.8.249:39602 192.168.8.249:1186 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 192.168.8.249:1186 192.168.8.249:39602 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 192.168.8.249:39603 192.168.8.249:1186 ESTABLISHED

启动另一个node的ndb：
[root@rh6 oracle]#/usr/local/mysql/bin/ndbd --initial
2015-08-06 17:27:36 [ndbd] INFO -- Angel connected to '192.168.8.249:1186'
2015-08-06 17:27:36 [ndbd] INFO -- Angel allocated nodeid: 3

查看cluster的启动状态：

[root@mysrv bin]# ndb_mgm -e show
Connected to Management Server at: 192.168.8.249:1186
Cluster Configuration
---------------------
[ndbd(NDB)] 2 node(s)
id=2 @192.168.8.249 (mysql-5.5.27 ndb-7.2.8, starting, Nodegroup: 0) ；；其中一个node已经连接到管理节点
id=3 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.8.245) ；；另一个node还未连接上

[ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 1 node(s)
id=1 @192.168.8.249 (mysql-5.5.27 ndb-7.2.8)

[mysqld(API)] 3 node(s)
id=4 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.8.249)
id=5 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.8.245)
id=6 (not connected, accepting connect from any host)

3、启动SQL节点：

[root@mysrv bin]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe /etc/my.cnf &

启动失败！

[root@mysrv bin]# cat /data/ndbdata/mysrv.err
150806 17:42:54 InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start
150806 17:42:55 InnoDB: 1.1.8 started; log sequence number 1595675
150806 17:42:55 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '0.0.0.0'; port: 3306
150806 17:42:55 [Note] - '0.0.0.0' resolves to '0.0.0.0';
150806 17:42:55 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '0.0.0.0'.
150806 17:42:55 [ERROR] Fatal error: Can't open and lock privilege tables: Table 'mysql.host' doesn't exist
150806 17:42:55 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /data/ndbdata/mysrv.pid ended
150806 17:44:38 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/ndbdata
150806 17:44:38 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled.
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: Table 'mysql.plugin' doesn't exist
150806 17:44:38 [ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it.
150806 17:45:13 [Warning] NDB: server id set to zero - changes logged to bin log with server id zero will be logged with another server id by slave mysqlds
150806 17:45:13 [Note] Starting Cluster Binlog Thread
150806 17:45:13 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
150806 17:45:13 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
150806 17:45:13 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
150806 17:45:13 InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
150806 17:45:13 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
150806 17:45:13 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
150806 17:45:13 InnoDB: highest supported file format is Barracuda.
InnoDB: Log scan progressed past the checkpoint lsn 49439
150806 17:45:13 InnoDB: Database was not shut down normally!
InnoDB: Starting crash recovery.
InnoDB: Reading tablespace information from the .ibd files...
InnoDB: Restoring possible half-written data pages from the doublewrite
InnoDB: buffer...
InnoDB: Doing recovery: scanned up to log sequence number 1595675
150806 17:45:13 InnoDB: Starting an apply batch of log records to the database...
InnoDB: Progress in percents: 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99
InnoDB: Apply batch completed
150806 17:45:13 InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start
150806 17:45:14 InnoDB: 1.1.8 started; log sequence number 1595675
150806 17:45:14 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '0.0.0.0'; port: 3306
150806 17:45:14 [Note] - '0.0.0.0' resolves to '0.0.0.0';
150806 17:45:14 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '0.0.0.0'.
150806 17:45:14 [ERROR] Fatal error: Can't open and lock privilege tables: Table 'mysql.host' doesn't exist
150806 17:45:14 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /data/ndbdata/mysrv.pid ended
150806 17:45:57 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/ndbdata
150806 17:45:57 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled.
[root@mysrv bin]# netstat -an |grep :3306
[root@mysrv bin]#

重启操作系统后。。。

第二次启动mysql-cluster：

1、启动cluster manager：
[root@mysrv ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/ndb_mgmd -f /etc/ndbdata/config.ini
MySQL Cluster Management Server mysql-5.5.27 ndb-7.2.8

2、启动ndb：
[root@mysrv ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/ndbd
2015-08-07 09:44:34 [ndbd] INFO -- Angel connected to '192.168.8.249:1186'
2015-08-07 09:44:34 [ndbd] INFO -- Angel allocated nodeid: 2

另一node：
[root@rh6 ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/ndbd
2015-08-07 09:51:52 [ndbd] INFO -- Angel connected to '192.168.8.249:1186'
2015-08-07 09:51:52 [ndbd] INFO -- Angel allocated nodeid: 3

查看cluster状态信息：
[root@mysrv ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/ndb_mgm
-- NDB Cluster -- Management Client --
ndb_mgm> show
Connected to Management Server at: 192.168.8.249:1186
Cluster Configuration
---------------------
[ndbd(NDB)] 2 node(s)
id=2 @192.168.8.249 (mysql-5.5.27 ndb-7.2.8, starting, Nodegroup: 0)
id=3 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.8.245)

[ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 1 node(s)
id=1 @192.168.8.249 (mysql-5.5.27 ndb-7.2.8)

[mysqld(API)] 3 node(s)
id=4 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.8.249)
id=5 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.8.245)
id=6 (not connected, accepting connect from any host)

ndb_mgm> show
Cluster Configuration
---------------------
[ndbd(NDB)] 2 node(s)
id=2 @192.168.8.249 (mysql-5.5.27 ndb-7.2.8, starting, Nodegroup: 0, Master)
id=3 @192.168.8.245 (mysql-5.5.27 ndb-7.2.8, starting, Nodegroup: 0)

----数据节点连接成功！

[ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 1 node(s)
id=1 @192.168.8.249 (mysql-5.5.27 ndb-7.2.8)

[mysqld(API)] 3 node(s)
id=4 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.8.249)
id=5 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.8.245)
id=6 (not connected, accepting connect from any host)

ndb_mgm> Node 2: Started (version 7.2.8)
Node 3: Started (version 7.2.8)

3、启动SQL节点：
[root@mysrv ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@mysrv mysql]# cd bin
[root@mysrv bin]# ./mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
[1] 2619
[root@mysrv bin]# 150807 10:11:20 mysqld_safe Logging to '/data/ndbdata/mysrv.err'.
150807 10:11:20 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/ndbdata

[root@mysrv bin]# tail /data/ndbdata/mysrv.err

150807 10:11:25 [Note] NDB: Cleaning stray tables from database &#39;ndb_2_fs&#39;
150807 10:11:25 [Note] NDB: Cleaning stray tables from database &#39;ndbinfo&#39;
150807 10:11:25 [Note] NDB: Cleaning stray tables from database &#39;performance_schema&#39;
150807 10:11:25 [Note] NDB: Cleaning stray tables from database &#39;test&#39;
150807 10:11:25 [Note] NDB: missing frm for mysql.ndb_index_stat_sample, discovering...
150807 10:11:25 [Note] NDB: missing frm for mysql.ndb_index_stat_head, discovering...
2015-08-07 10:11:25 [NdbApi] INFO     -- Flushing incomplete GCI:s < 559/10
2015-08-07 10:11:25 [NdbApi] INFO     -- Flushing incomplete GCI:s < 559/10
150807 10:11:25 [Note] NDB Binlog: starting log at epoch 559/10
150807 10:11:25 [Note] NDB Binlog: ndb tables writable

Copy after login

[root@mysrv bin]# netstat -an |grep 3306

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN

[root@mysrv bin]# ndb_mgm -e show
Connected to Management Server at: 192.168.8.249:1186
Cluster Configuration
---------------------
[ndbd(NDB)] 2 node(s)
id=2 @192.168.8.249 (mysql-5.5.27 ndb-7.2.8, Nodegroup: 0, Master)
id=3 @192.168.8.245 (mysql-5.5.27 ndb-7.2.8, Nodegroup: 0)

[ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 1 node(s)
id=1 @192.168.8.249 (mysql-5.5.27 ndb-7.2.8)

[mysqld(API)] 3 node(s)
id=4 @192.168.8.249 (mysql-5.5.27 ndb-7.2.8) ；；一个sql node连接到管理节点
id=5 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.8.245)
id=6 (not connected, accepting connect from any host)

启动另外的sql node：

初始化mysql server：

[root@rh6 mysql]#/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --user=mysql --datadir=/data/ndbdata

[root@rh6 mysql]#ls /data/ndbdata/
mysql mysql-bin.index ndb_3_out.log ndb_3_trace.log.2 ndb_3_trace.log.next test
mysql-bin.000001 ndb_3_error.log ndb_3.pid ndb_3_trace.log.3 ndbinfo
mysql-bin.000002 ndb_3_fs ndb_3_trace.log.1 ndb_3_trace.log.4 performance_schema
[root@rh6 mysql]#cd bin
[root@rh6 bin]#./mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
[1] 2679
[root@rh6 bin]#150807 10:14:43 mysqld_safe Logging to '/data/ndbdata/rh6.cuug.net.err'.
150807 10:14:44 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/ndbdata

[root@rh6 bin]#netstat -an |grep 3306
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 13306 @/tmp/.X11-unix/X0

查看管理节点：
[root@mysrv bin]# ndb_mgm -e show
Connected to Management Server at: 192.168.8.249:1186
Cluster Configuration
---------------------
[ndbd(NDB)] 2 node(s)
id=2 @192.168.8.249 (mysql-5.5.27 ndb-7.2.8, Nodegroup: 0, Master)
id=3 @192.168.8.245 (mysql-5.5.27 ndb-7.2.8, Nodegroup: 0)

[ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 1 node(s)
id=1 @192.168.8.249 (mysql-5.5.27 ndb-7.2.8)

[mysqld(API)] 3 node(s)
id=4 @192.168.8.249 (mysql-5.5.27 ndb-7.2.8)
id=5 @192.168.8.245 (mysql-5.5.27 ndb-7.2.8)

id=6 (not connected, accepting connect from any host)

----sql node已经连接成功！

五、测试mysql cluster

注意: 与没有使用Cluster的Mysql相比,在mysql cluster内操作数据的方式没有太大的区别.操作时注意 1)表必须用engine=NDB或engine=NDBCLUSTER选项创建

2)每个NDB表必须有一个主键.如果在创建表时用户未定义主键,NDB Cluster存储引擎会自动生成隐含的主键.

该隐含键也将占用空间,就像任何其他的表索引一样.由于没有足够的内存来容纳这些自动创建的键,所以很容易出现问题.
1、设置客户端访问mysql server：

[root@mysrv bin]# ./mysqladmin -u root password 'oracle'
[root@mysrv bin]# ./mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.5.27-ndb-7.2.8 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| ndb_2_fs |
| ndbinfo |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.02 sec)

在其中一个节点建立table，在另外的节点都能访问：
mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.01 sec)

mysql> create table t1 (id int primary key,
-> name varchar(10)) engine=ndb;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.71 sec)

mysql> show create table t1 \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: t1
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t1` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=ndbcluster DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.02 sec)

插入数据：
mysql> insert into t1 values (10,'tom');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> insert into t1 values (20,'rose');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> insert into t1 values (30,'jerry');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from t1;
+----+-------+
| id | name |
+----+-------+
| 10 | tom |
| 20 | rose |
| 30 | jerry |
+----+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> explain select * from t1 where id =10;
+----+-------------+-------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | t1 | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | const | 1 | |
+----+-------------+-------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

在另外的sql节点访问：

[root@rh6 bin]#./mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.5.27-ndb-7.2.8 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| ndb_3_fs |
| ndbinfo |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.08 sec)

mysql> use test;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| t1 |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)
----可以看到，在另外的node上有t1表
mysql> select * from t1;
+----+-------+
| id | name |
+----+-------+
| 30 | jerry |
| 10 | tom |
| 20 | rose |
+----+-------+
3 rows in set (0.05 sec)

mysql> explain select * from t1 where id =10;
+----+-------------+-------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | t1 | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | const | 1 | |
+----+-------------+-------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
1 row in set (0.07 sec)

在当前node上插入数据：
mysql> insert into t1 values (40,'john');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into t1 values (50,'ellen');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> select * from t1;
+----+-------+
| id | name |
+----+-------+
| 40 | john |
| 30 | jerry |
| 10 | tom |
| 20 | rose |
| 50 | ellen |
+----+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

另一个节点查询：

[root@mysrv bin]# ./mysql -u root -p

Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.5.27-ndb-7.2.8 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use test;
Database changed

mysql> select * from t1;
+----+-------+
| id | name |
+----+-------+
| 10 | tom |
| 20 | rose |
| 50 | ellen |
| 40 | john |
| 30 | jerry |
+----+-------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
---可以访问新插入的数据

测试2：关闭一个节点，在另外的节点创建table；被关闭节点启动后，自动同步tables

关闭node2（rh6）：
[root@rh6 bin]#./mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown
Enter password:
150807 10:44:46 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /data/ndbdata/rh6.cuug.net.pid ended
[1]+ Done ./mysqld_safe --user=mysql
[root@rh6 bin]#netstat -an |grep :3306

在node1 上建立新的table：
[root@mysrv bin]# ./mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.5.27-ndb-7.2.8 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use test;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> create table t2 engine=ndb as select * from t1;
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.59 sec)
Records: 5 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| t1 |
| t2 |
+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> show create table t2\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: t2
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t2` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=ndbcluster DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from t2;
+----+-------+
| id | name |
+----+-------+
| 50 | ellen |
| 30 | jerry |
| 20 | rose |
| 10 | tom |
| 40 | john |
+----+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

然后启动node2，新建的table自动同步到node2：

[root@rh6 mysql]#cd support-files/
[root@rh6 support-files]#ls
binary-configure config.medium.ini magic my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf my-medium.cnf mysqld_multi.server mysql.server
config.huge.ini config.small.ini my-huge.cnf my-large.cnf my-small.cnf mysql-log-rotate ndb-config-2-node.ini
[root@rh6 support-files]#cp mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
[root@rh6 support-files]#service mysql start
Starting MySQL.....[ OK ]
[root@rh6 support-files]#netstat -an |grep :3306

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN

[root@rh6 support-files]#mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.27-ndb-7.2.8 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use test;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| t1 |
| t2 |
+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from t2;
+----+-------+
| id | name |
+----+-------+
| 10 | tom |
| 40 | john |
| 50 | ellen |
| 30 | jerry |
| 20 | rose |
+----+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show create table t2\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: t2
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t2` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=ndbcluster DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

----表同步成功！
----至此，mysql cluster初步构建成功！

六、访问ndb cluster元数据