How to use the net/http/httptest.NewServer function in golang to start a temporary HTTP server

How to use the net/http/httptest.NewServer function in golang to start a temporary HTTP server

When developing Golang web applications, sometimes we need to start a Temporary HTTP server for testing or simulating certain services. The net/http/httptest package in the Golang standard library provides a function NewServer, which can easily start a temporary HTTP server.

The following is a specific code example:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
    "net/http/httptest"
)

func main() {
    // 创建一个临时的HTTP服务器
    server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        // 处理请求
        fmt.Fprintln(w, "Hello, World!")
    }))

    // 打印临时服务器的URL
    fmt.Println("临时服务器的URL:", server.URL)

    // 发送GET请求到临时服务器
    resp, err := http.Get(server.URL)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    defer resp.Body.Close()

    // 读取响应内容
    body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }

    // 打印响应内容
    fmt.Println("响应内容:", string(body))

    // 关闭临时服务器
    server.Close()
}

In the above code example, we use the NewServer function to create a temporary HTTP server and define an anonymous function as the processing function. The processing function receives an http.ResponseWriter and an http.Request parameter. In the function, we return the "Hello, World!" string to the client.

Then we get the URL of the temporary server through server.URL and print it out. Then we use http.Get to send a GET request to the temporary server and read the response content. Finally we print out the response content and close the temporary server via server.Close().

By using the NewServer function in the net/http/httptest package, we can easily start a temporary HTTP server and test or simulate certain services. This is very useful when developing web applications, especially in unit tests where HTTP requests need to be made.

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