Guide to using CSS properties to improve web accessibility

Guidelines for using CSS attributes to improve the accessibility of web pages

With the continuous development of the Internet, web pages have become one of the important channels for people to obtain information and participate in communication. However, some users with vision, hearing or other special needs may have difficulty accessing the web. In order for web pages to better serve all users, it is particularly important to improve the accessibility of web pages. As an important part of web design, CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) can improve the accessibility of web pages through the use of some attributes. This article will focus on this topic and introduce some CSS properties to improve the accessibility of web pages, accompanied by specific code examples.

1. Text-related attributes
   In web pages, text is one of the main ways of information transmission and communication. For users with visual impairments or dyslexia, text accessibility is critical. Here are some CSS properties and sample code to improve text accessibility:

(1) color: You can make text more readable by creating sufficient contrast between the text color and the background color. For example:

p {
  color: #333333; /* 文字颜色 */
  background-color: #FFFFFF; /* 背景颜色 */
}

(2) font-family: Choose an easy-to-read font, such as Song Dynasty, Microsoft Yahei, etc. For example:

body {
  font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", "SimSun", sans-serif; /* 字体选择 */
}

(3) font-size: Adjust the text size to adapt to the needs of different users. For example:

h1 {
  font-size: 24px; /* 文字大小 */
}

2. Image related attributes
   Images in web pages are not visible to visually impaired users, so some attributes are needed to provide accessibility. Here are some CSS properties and sample code to improve image accessibility:

(1) alt: Add appropriate alternative text to all images so that visually impaired users can understand the image content. For example:

<img src="/static/imghw/default1.png"  data-src="example.jpg"  class="lazy" alt="这是一个示例图像">

(2) background-image: For elements that use a pure background image, appropriate descriptive text needs to be used to provide accessibility. For example:

.button {
  background-image: url("button.jpg");
  text-indent: -9999px; /* 将文本向左偏移使其隐藏 */
  overflow: hidden; /* 隐藏超出范围的内容 */
}

3. Link-related attributes
Links are one of the important interactive elements in web pages. In order to make links easier to identify and operate, the following are some CSS properties and examples that improve link accessibility. Code:

(1):link, :visited, :hover, :focus: By setting different styles for links, they can be easier to identify in different states. For example:

a:link, a:visited {
  color: #0000FF; /* 普通链接和已访问链接颜色 */
}

a:hover, a:focus {
  color: #FF0000; /* 鼠标悬停链接和获取焦点链接颜色 */
}

(2) text-decoration: Provide visual cues for links by changing underlines or strikethroughs through styles. For example:

a {
  text-decoration: underline; /* 添加下划线 */
}

4. Layout related attributes
   A reasonable layout can make the page more readable and easy to use. The following are some CSS properties and sample codes that improve the accessibility of the layout:

(1) display: By setting the display attribute of the element, control the layout of the element to adapt to the needs of different users. For example:

.container {
  display: flex; /* 块级元素变为弹性盒子 */
  flex-wrap: wrap; /* 当容器宽度不足时，自动换行 */
}

(2) position: By setting the position attribute of the element, its position on the page is consistent to facilitate user operations. For example:

.button {
  position: fixed; /* 固定在页面上的位置不变 */
  top: 10px; /* 与页面顶部的距离 */
  right: 10px; /* 与页面右侧的距离 */
}

Summary
Through the use of the above CSS properties, we can improve the accessibility of web pages and provide a better user experience for all users. It’s important to note that the above are just some basic CSS properties and examples, not a comprehensive list. In practical applications, we can also combine other CSS properties and techniques to determine the most suitable accessibility solution.

By understanding and flexibly using these CSS techniques, we can provide users with a more friendly and convenient web environment. Only with good accessibility can web pages better realize the transmission and exchange of information and achieve true equality and inclusiveness for everyone.

Reference link:

• Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG): https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/
• CSS Accessible Solutions: https://css-tricks.com/css-accessible-web-buttons/

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