MySQL存储IP地址的方法_MySQL
为什么要问如何存储IP?
首先就来阐明一下部分人得反问:为什么要问IP得怎样存,直接varchar类型不就得了吗?
其实做任何程序设计都要在功能实现的基础上最大限度的优化性能。而数据库设计是程序设计中不可忽略的一个重要部分,所以巧存IP地址可以一定程度获得很大提升。
利用函数算法处理
在MySQL中没有直接提供IP类型字段,但如果有两个函数可以把IP与最大长度为10位数字类型互转,所以使用int类型存储IP比varchar类型存储IP地址性能要提升很多,减少不少空间。因为varchar是可变长形,需要多余的一个字节存储长度。另外int型在逻辑运算上要比varchar速度快。
IP转数字函数inet_aton()
我们转换下几个常用的IP地址
mysql> select inet_aton('255.255.255.255'); +------------------------------+ | inet_aton('255.255.255.255') | +------------------------------+ | 4294967295 | +------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select inet_aton('192.168.1.1'); +--------------------------+ | inet_aton('192.168.1.1') | +--------------------------+ | 3232235777 | +--------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select inet_aton('10.10.10.10'); +--------------------------+ | inet_aton('10.10.10.10') | +--------------------------+ | 168430090 | +--------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
所以IP的表字段可以设置为INT(10)就好,如果IP获取不到可以直接存0代表获取不到IP的意思
数字转IP函数inet_ntoa()
mysql> select inet_ntoa(4294967295); +-----------------------+ | inet_ntoa(4294967295) | +-----------------------+ | 255.255.255.255 | +-----------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select inet_ntoa(3232235777); +-----------------------+ | inet_ntoa(3232235777) | +-----------------------+ | 192.168.1.1 | +-----------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select inet_ntoa(168430090); +----------------------+ | inet_ntoa(168430090) | +----------------------+ | 10.10.10.10 | +----------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select inet_ntoa(0); +--------------+ | inet_ntoa(0) | +--------------+ | 0.0.0.0 | +--------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
注意,0转换为 0.0.0.0
整型字段的比较比字符串效率高很多,这也符合一项优化原则:字段类型定义使用最合适(最小),最简单的数据类型。
inet_aton()算法,其实借用了国际上对各国IP地址的区分中使用的ip number。
a.b.c.d 的ip number是:
a * 256的3次方 + b * 256的2次方 + c * 256的1次方 + d * 256的0次方。
以上讲解的就是MySQL存储IP地址的方法,希望能够对大家的学习有所帮助。

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