Home Database Mysql Tutorial 【MySQL】(4)操作数据表中的记录_MySQL

【MySQL】(4)操作数据表中的记录_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 12:59 PM
data sheet

1. 插入记录INSERT

方法一:

INSERT [INTO] tbl_name [(clo_name,...)] {VALUES | VALUE} ({expr | DEFAULT},...),(...),...;

例如:

 

CREATE TABLE users(id SMALLINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, username VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL, password VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL, age TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 10, sex BOOLEAN);
# 插入记录,不指定列的数目时,必须所有的字段都要赋值
INSERT users VALUES(NULL, 'Tom', '123', 25, 1);
INSERT users VALUES(NULL, 'Tom2', '123', 28, 1);
INSERT users VALUES(DEFAULT, 'Tom3', '111', 28, 1);
# 使用数学表达式也可以添加值
INSERT users VALUES(DEFAULT, 'Tom4', '111', 3*7+2/3, 1);
# 给年龄DEFAULT,会采用默认值10
INSERT users VALUES(DEFAULT, 'Tom5', '111', DEFAULT, 1);
# 一次添加多条记录
INSERT users VALUES(DEFAULT, 'Tom6', '111', DEFAULT, 1), (NULL, 'Rose', md5('213'), DEFAULT, 0);
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方法二:

INSERT [INTO] tbl_name SET col_name={exp | DEFAULT},...;

这个方法与第一种方式的区别在于,此方法可以使用子查询(SubQuery),此方法一次性只能插入一条记录。

例如:

INSERT users SET username='Ben', password='456';
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方法三:

INSERT [INTO] tbl_name [(col_name, ...)] SELECT ...;

使用此方法可以将查询结果插入到指定数据表。

2. 单表更新记录UPDATE

UPDATE [LOW_PRIORITY] [IGNORE] table_reference SET col_name1={expr1 | DEFAULT} [, col_name2={expr2 | DEFAULT}] ... [WHERE where_condition];

例如:

# 所有记录的年龄都加5
UPDATE users SET age=age+5;
# 更新多列
UPDATE users SET age=age-id, sex=0;
# 更新id为偶数的记录
UPDATE users SET age=age+10 WHERE id%2=0;
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3. 单表删除记录DELETE

DELETE FROM tbl_name [WHERE where_condition];

例如:

DELETE FROM users WHERE id=6;
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即使在删除后,id号不连续,那么新增的数据还是会在最大的id号加一。

4. 查询表达时解析

SELECT select_expr [, select_expr ...] [FROM table_references [WHERE whrere_condition] [GROUP BY {col_name | position} [ASC | DESC],...][HAVING where_condition][ORDER BY {col_name | expr | position} [ASC | DESC], ...][LIMIT {[offset,] row_count | row_count OFFSET offset}]];

每一个表达式表示想要的一列,必须至少有一个。多个烈之间以英文逗号分隔。星号(*)表示所有列。tbl_name.*可以表示命名表的所有列。查询表达式可以使用[AS] alias_name为其赋予别名。别名可用于GROUP BY,ORDER BY或HAVING字句。

例如:

# 查看MySQL版本
SELECT VERSION();
# 查看当前时间
SELECT NOW();
# 只查看前两列
SELECT id, username FROM users;
SELECT username, id FROM users;
SELECT users.id, users.username FROM users;
SELECT id AS userid, username AS uname FROM users;
# AS关键字可以省略,但是尽量写上,避免不必要的错误
SELECT id username FROM users;
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字段的顺序和结果集都将影响查询出的结果集。

(1). WHERE

条件表达式

对记录进行过滤,如果没有指定WHERE字句,则显示所有记录。在WHERE表达式中,可以使用MySQL支持的函数或运算符。

(2). GROUP BY

查询结果分组

例如:

SELECT sex FROM users GROUP BY sex;
# 1表示按照SELECT语句中第一个出现的字段排序
SELECT sex FROM users GROUP BY 1;
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(3). HAVING

分组条件

例如:

# 当HAVING语句有age的条件时,前面的SELECT中必须出现这个age字段
SELECT sex, age FROM users GROUP BY 1 HAVING age>35;
# 或者是一个聚合函数
SELECT sex, age FROM users GROUP BY 1 HAVING count(id)>=2;
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(4). ORDER BY

对查询结果进行排序

例如:

# 按照id降序排列
SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY id DESC;
# 同时以两个字段排序age默认升序,id降序
SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY age, id DESC;
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(5). LIMIT

限制查询结果返回的数量

例如:

# 从第1条开始返回2条记录
SELECT * FROM users LIMIT 2;
# 从第1条开始,偏移2条后,查询2条记录
SELECT * FROM users LIMIT 2 OFFSET 2;
# 从第4条开始(从0开始计数),返回2条记录
SELECT * FROM users LIMIT 3, 2;
SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 2, 2;
CREATE TABLE test(id TINYINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, username VARCHAR(20));
# 将users年龄大于30的数据插入test表
INSERT test(username) SELECT username FROM users WHERE age>=30;
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