Golang development notes: How to do effective error logging

With the popularity of Golang and the expansion of its application scope, more and more developers are beginning to choose to use Golang to implement various applications. Error handling and logging are an inevitable part of the development process. Good error handling and logging are important means to ensure application stability and reliability. This article will introduce how to implement effective error logging in Golang development to improve code quality and development efficiency.

1. Error handling

1. Error type

In Golang, error types are represented by implementing the error interface. Different types of errors are usually represented by custom error types, such as network errors, data verification errors, etc. When defining error types, you need to consider issues such as the level of granularity of error messages and multi-language support for error messages.

Sample code:

type MyError struct {
    ErrMsg string // 错误信息
}

func (e *MyError) Error() string {
    return e.ErrMsg
}

2. Error handling methods

In Golang, the common error handling methods are panic/recover and error/return .

When a fatal error occurs in the program, the panic function can trigger a runtime exception, causing the program to crash. The recover function can capture this exception and perform some specific processing to avoid program crash. However, this method is only suitable for handling some unrecoverable errors, such as memory overflow, etc.

The correct way to handle errors is to use the error/return mechanism. That is, during the execution of the function, if an error occurs, an error value is returned and the caller handles the error. By defining custom error types and error messages, the caller can clearly understand the error type and specific error information, and can perform different processing logic for different error types.

Sample code:

func ParseInt(str string) (int, error) {
    num, err := strconv.Atoi(str)
    if err != nil {
        return 0, &MyError{ErrMsg: "无效的数字字符串"}
    }
    return num, nil
}

2. Logging

1. Log framework selection

There are many logging frameworks to choose from in Golang , including standard library log, third-party library logrus and zap, etc. When choosing a log framework, you need to consider factors such as log performance, readability, and scalability, and evaluate it based on the actual situation.

In this article, we will use logrus as an example to introduce how to log.

2. Log level

When logging, you need to select different log levels according to the importance and urgency of the log. Common log levels include:

• Trace: Trace information, used to track the running trajectory of the program
• Debug: Debug information, used to debug the program
• Info: Ordinary information, used to record important information during the running of the program
• Warning: warning information, used to record some abnormal conditions during the running of the program, but does not affect the running of the program
• Error: error message, Used to record error information of the program
• Fatal: serious error information, used to record the program when it encounters an unrecoverable error and exits the program

According to different application scenarios and development needs, The corresponding log level can be selected.

Sample code:

import "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"

func main() {
    logrus.SetLevel(logrus.DebugLevel)
    logrus.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
        "key1": "value1",
        "key2": "value2",
    }).Debug("这是一条Debug日志")
}

3. Log format

When logging, you can choose different log formats according to specific needs. Common log formats include json, xml, yaml, etc. When using logrus for logging, text format is used by default. The log format can be modified by changing the Formatter.

Sample code:

import (
    "os"
    "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
)

func main() {
    logrus.SetOutput(os.Stdout)
    logrus.SetFormatter(&logrus.JSONFormatter{})
    logrus.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
        "key1": "value1",
        "key2": "value2",
    }).Info("这是一条Info日志")
}

The above are some considerations for effective error logging in Golang development. Correct handling of errors and logging are the basis for developing high-quality applications. In actual development, it is necessary to make reasonable selection and implementation based on specific scenarios and needs.

The above is the detailed content of Golang development notes: How to do effective error logging. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!