Golang development advice: How to write efficient database access code

With the development of the Internet and the continuous expansion of application scenarios, databases have become an indispensable part of our daily development. In Golang, how to access the database efficiently is a skill that every developer needs to master. In this article, we will share some of our own practical experiences and suggestions to help everyone write efficient database access code.

1. Use the ORM framework

The ORM framework is a technology that maps the object model and the relational model. In Golang, the more commonly used ORM frameworks include GORM and XORM. The advantage of using an ORM framework is that it not only avoids the complexity and errors of dealing directly with the database, but also makes full use of the advantages of the framework to improve the readability, maintainability and reusability of the code.

Taking the GORM framework as an example, we can write database access code through the following steps:

• Install and import the GORM library
• Create a database connection
• Define model structure and table structure
• Use GORM model structure and table structure for CRUD operations

You can refer to the official documentation or tutorial for how to use this framework. Learn and practice.

2. Use connection pooling

Connection pooling is a technology that reuses database connections. When accessing the database, the connection must be re-established every time, which will increase the running time of the program and increase the burden on the database. Using a connection pool can reduce the connection establishment time for each access and also optimize the load on the database.

Golang provides a database/sql library, which has its own connection pool function. We can optimize the efficiency and performance of database access by configuring the size of the connection pool and the maximum connection time.

3. Use prepared statements

Database prepared statements are a technology that compiles SQL statements into binary form and passes parameters to it. Using prepared statements can reduce the parsing time and compilation time each time a SQL statement is executed, thereby improving the running efficiency of the program.

In Golang, you can use the Prepare and Execute methods of the database/sql library to implement the function of prepared statements. When writing SQL statements, we can use "?" as parameter placeholders, and then use []interface{} type slices to store corresponding parameters when executing the statement. For example:

stmt, err := db.Prepare("SELECT * FROM user WHERE name = ? AND age = ?")
rows, err := stmt.Query("张三", 25)

4. Use batch operations

Batch operations can reduce the I/O operations of the database, thereby improving the efficiency of data access. In Golang, you can use the Exec method of the database/sql library to implement batch operations. For example:

tx, err := db.Begin()
stmt, err := tx.Prepare("INSERT INTO user(name,age) VALUES(?,?)")
defer stmt.Close()

for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
    _, err = stmt.Exec("张三", 25)
}

tx.Commit()

5. Using indexes

Index is a technique to optimize query speed. For fields that need to be queried frequently, indexes can be created to speed up queries. When creating an index, you need to consider factors such as the uniqueness of the field, the type of the field, and the conditions of the query.

In Golang, you can use the AddIndex method of the GORM framework to create an index. For example:

type User struct {

ID   int
Name string    `gorm:"index:idx_name_age"`
Age  int       `gorm:"index:idx_name_age"`

}

After creating the index, you can test its effect through the query statement.

Summary

The above are some suggestions for optimizing database access that we recommend in Golang development. Of course, this is not a comprehensive list. We should further optimize the efficiency and performance of database access based on specific application scenarios and business needs. At the same time, it is also recommended that everyone thinks more and practices more, and constantly explores and learns from mistakes in order to write more efficient and reliable code.

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