Home Database Mysql Tutorial 详解用SELECT命令在MySQL执行查询操作的教程_MySQL

详解用SELECT命令在MySQL执行查询操作的教程_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:00 PM
mysql select

SQL SELECT命令被用来获取数据从MySQL数据库。可以使用此命令在mysql>提示符下或使用脚本,如PHP。
语法:

下面是通用的SQL SELECT命令的语法来从MySQL表提取数据:

SELECT field1, field2,...fieldN table_name1, table_name2...
[WHERE Clause]
[OFFSET M ][LIMIT N]

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  • 可以使用一个或多个以逗号分隔的表,包括各种使用WHERE子句条件。但是WHERE子句的SELECT命令是一个可选部分。
  • 可以在一个单一的SELECT命令读取一个或多个字段。
  • 可以指定星号(*)的字段的地方。在这种情况下,SELECT将返回所有的字段
  • 可以使用WHERE子句指定任何条件。
  • 可以指定偏移用SELECT将开始返回记录的偏移量。默认情况下,偏移量为0
  • 可以限制返回的使用LIMIT属性的数量。

从命令提示符获取数据:

这将使用SQL SELECT命令来从MySQL表tutorials_tbl获取数据
例子:

下面的例子将返回所有记录tutorials_tbl表:

root@host# mysql -u root -p password;
Enter password:*******
mysql> use TUTORIALS;
Database changed
mysql> SELECT * from tutorials_tbl 
+-------------+----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| tutorial_id | tutorial_title | tutorial_author | submission_date |
+-------------+----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
|      1 | Learn PHP   | John Poul    | 2007-05-21   |
|      2 | Learn MySQL  | Abdul S     | 2007-05-21   |
|      3 | JAVA Tutorial | Sanjay     | 2007-05-21   |
+-------------+----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql>

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使用PHP脚本获取数据:

您可以使用相同的SQL SELECT命令进入PHP函数mysql_query()。这个函数是用来执行SQL命令后,另一个PHP函数mysql_fetch_array()可以用来获取所有选定的数据。这个函数返回的行作为一个关联数组/数字数组或两者。如果没有更多的行这个函数返回FALSE。

下面是一个简单的例子,获取记录tutorials_tbl表。
例子:

试试下面的例子显示tutorials_tbl表的所有记录。

<?php
$dbhost = 'localhost:3036';
$dbuser = 'root';
$dbpass = 'rootpassword';
$conn = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass);
if(! $conn )
{
 die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
$sql = 'SELECT tutorial_id, tutorial_title, 
        tutorial_author, submission_date
    FROM tutorials_tbl';

mysql_select_db('TUTORIALS');
$retval = mysql_query( $sql, $conn );
if(! $retval )
{
 die('Could not get data: ' . mysql_error());
}
while($row = mysql_fetch_array($retval, MYSQL_ASSOC))
{
  echo "Tutorial ID :{$row['tutorial_id']} <br> ".
     "Title: {$row['tutorial_title']} <br> ".
     "Author: {$row['tutorial_author']} <br> ".
     "Submission Date : {$row['submission_date']} <br> ".
     "--------------------------------<br>";
} 
echo "Fetched data successfully\n";
mysql_close($conn);
?>

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这些行的内容被分配到变量$row,行中的值,然后打印。

注: 一定要记住,当要插入到一个字符串数组的值直接用花括号。

在上面的例子中不断MYSQL_ASSOC作为PHP函数mysql_fetch_array()第二个参数,以便它返回一个关联数组的行为。一个关联数组,可以使用他们的名字,而不是使用索引访问字段。

PHP提供了另一种称为mysql_fetch_assoc()函数也返回该行作为关联数组。
实例:

试试下面的例子显示从tutorial_tbl表的所有记录,使用mysql_fetch_assoc()函数。

<?php
$dbhost = 'localhost:3036';
$dbuser = 'root';
$dbpass = 'rootpassword';
$conn = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass);
if(! $conn )
{
 die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
$sql = 'SELECT tutorial_id, tutorial_title, 
        tutorial_author, submission_date
    FROM tutorials_tbl';

mysql_select_db('TUTORIALS');
$retval = mysql_query( $sql, $conn );
if(! $retval )
{
 die('Could not get data: ' . mysql_error());
}
while($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($retval))
{
  echo "Tutorial ID :{$row['tutorial_id']} <br> ".
     "Title: {$row['tutorial_title']} <br> ".
     "Author: {$row['tutorial_author']} <br> ".
     "Submission Date : {$row['submission_date']} <br> ".
     "--------------------------------<br>";
} 
echo "Fetched data successfully\n";
mysql_close($conn);
?>

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也可以使用常量MYSQL_NUM,作为第二个参数的PHP函数mysql_fetch_array()。这将导致该函数返回一个数字索引的数组。
实例:

试试下面的例子显示使用MYSQL_NUM参数tutorials_tbl表中的所有记录。

<?php
$dbhost = 'localhost:3036';
$dbuser = 'root';
$dbpass = 'rootpassword';
$conn = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass);
if(! $conn )
{
 die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
$sql = 'SELECT tutorial_id, tutorial_title, 
        tutorial_author, submission_date
    FROM tutorials_tbl';

mysql_select_db('TUTORIALS');
$retval = mysql_query( $sql, $conn );
if(! $retval )
{
 die('Could not get data: ' . mysql_error());
}
while($row = mysql_fetch_array($retval, MYSQL_NUM))
{
  echo "Tutorial ID :{$row[0]} <br> ".
     "Title: {$row[1]} <br> ".
     "Author: {$row[2]} <br> ".
     "Submission Date : {$row[3]} <br> ".
     "--------------------------------<br>";
}
echo "Fetched data successfully\n";
mysql_close($conn);
?>

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所有上述三个例子,将产生相同的结果。
释放内存:

它是一种很好的做法,在每一个SELECT语句释放游标内存。这可以通过使用PHP函数了mysql_free_result()。下面的例子来说明它是如何被使用的。
实例:

试试下面的例子

<?php
$dbhost = 'localhost:3036';
$dbuser = 'root';
$dbpass = 'rootpassword';
$conn = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass);
if(! $conn )
{
 die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
$sql = 'SELECT tutorial_id, tutorial_title, 
        tutorial_author, submission_date
    FROM tutorials_tbl';

mysql_select_db('TUTORIALS');
$retval = mysql_query( $sql, $conn );
if(! $retval )
{
 die('Could not get data: ' . mysql_error());
}
while($row = mysql_fetch_array($retval, MYSQL_NUM))
{
  echo "Tutorial ID :{$row[0]} <br> ".
     "Title: {$row[1]} <br> ".
     "Author: {$row[2]} <br> ".
     "Submission Date : {$row[3]} <br> ".
     "--------------------------------<br>";
}
mysql_free_result($retval);
echo "Fetched data successfully\n";
mysql_close($conn);
?>

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在获取数据的同时可以编写复杂的SQL,只要喜欢。程序将保持与上述相同。

 

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