Home Database Mysql Tutorial 几个缩减MySQL以节省磁盘空间的建议_MySQL

几个缩减MySQL以节省磁盘空间的建议_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:00 PM
mysql

我们在工作中时常会遇到一些客户的TPS\QPS都不太高,但磁盘占用非常大,一旦单实例空间太大,像内存、网络、CPU以及备份都将增加相应的开销。可能仅仅是由于空间不满足使得我们不得不进行扩容,下面的方法提供给大家参考。有则改之无则加勉。
1、表结构设计上
1) 字符集是否遵循了最小化原则?(能用latin的就不用gbk。能用gbk的就不用utf8)
2) 索引上是否有滥用?(根本不使用的字段建索引、不适合建索引的字段建索引、重复建索引或者不能很好的利用前缀索引等)
3) 冗余字段是否太多?(各表中不用的或者字段冗余太多)
4) 不正确的字段类型?(能用1个字节非要用几个字节,像枚举类、状态类比较常见)
5) 将较长的字段或者几个字段组合做为主键?(主键最好用mysql自增)
具体事例如下:

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

CREATE TABLE `class_meta` (

`class_name` varchar(128) NOT NULL COMMENT '类名',

`class_desc` varchar(2048) default '' COMMENT '类的描述',

`class_status` char(20) default 'test1' COMMENT 'test1,test2',

PRIMARY KEY (`class_name`),

UNIQUE KEY `cm_cn_uk` (`class_name`),

KEY `cm_cd_ind` (`class_desc`(767)),

KEY `cm_cs_ind` (`class_status`),

KEY `cm_cdcn_ind` (`class_desc`(767),`class_name`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 COMMENT='meta信息';

Copy after login

通过上面的表结构能看到如下地方不合适
1、主键与唯一索引明显重复,索引cm_cd_ind与索引cm_cdcn_ind索引重复(这种情况经常出现,大家留意下)
2、cm_cs_ind如果两个状态分布均匀也明显不合适建索引
3、class_desc由于是描述性质的,也不合适建索引
4、最好以自增做为主键,可以减少整表的空间
5、class_status列明显可以用tinyint来存,可以省下19个字节

2、存储内容上
1) 是否将图片、视频、音乐等大数据存储在表中?(表里最好只保留路径而不是实际的文件内容)
3、数据保留上
1)是否有已过期而未删除的数据?(对于无效数据及时清理或者进行历史归档)
4、后期维护上
1)是否对经常删除的表进行维护(optimize table)

建议:
1、在性能要求不高的case中(并发不太高),可以考虑使用压缩表。一般压缩率在30%-70%之间,收益非常可观。
2、对于删除非常频繁的表要定期进行优化,使表中碎片减少。提高查询、写入的性能。
3、在表结构设计上,一定要发扬“斤斤计较”的精神,能用1个字节表示的坚决不用2个字节。
4、尽量减少大字段的使用。

ps:经常在跟开发评审表结构的时候,时常会被笑话说DBA太抠门,一点都不大气。当数据量小的时候可能大家不觉得,但当你的数据级到T或者P的时候,哪怕多省几个字节都是非常可观的,给大家简单算笔账,如果我们将一张5亿条记录的表,字段从100个字节降到60个字节(应该很容易做到吧),那么不算上索引将节约大约18G的空间。

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

R.E.P.O. Energy Crystals Explained and What They Do (Yellow Crystal)
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. Best Graphic Settings
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. How to Fix Audio if You Can't Hear Anyone
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
WWE 2K25: How To Unlock Everything In MyRise
4 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

MySQL: The Ease of Data Management for Beginners MySQL: The Ease of Data Management for Beginners Apr 09, 2025 am 12:07 AM

MySQL is suitable for beginners because it is simple to install, powerful and easy to manage data. 1. Simple installation and configuration, suitable for a variety of operating systems. 2. Support basic operations such as creating databases and tables, inserting, querying, updating and deleting data. 3. Provide advanced functions such as JOIN operations and subqueries. 4. Performance can be improved through indexing, query optimization and table partitioning. 5. Support backup, recovery and security measures to ensure data security and consistency.

Can I retrieve the database password in Navicat? Can I retrieve the database password in Navicat? Apr 08, 2025 pm 09:51 PM

Navicat itself does not store the database password, and can only retrieve the encrypted password. Solution: 1. Check the password manager; 2. Check Navicat's "Remember Password" function; 3. Reset the database password; 4. Contact the database administrator.

How to create navicat premium How to create navicat premium Apr 09, 2025 am 07:09 AM

Create a database using Navicat Premium: Connect to the database server and enter the connection parameters. Right-click on the server and select Create Database. Enter the name of the new database and the specified character set and collation. Connect to the new database and create the table in the Object Browser. Right-click on the table and select Insert Data to insert the data.

MySQL: Simple Concepts for Easy Learning MySQL: Simple Concepts for Easy Learning Apr 10, 2025 am 09:29 AM

MySQL is an open source relational database management system. 1) Create database and tables: Use the CREATEDATABASE and CREATETABLE commands. 2) Basic operations: INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE and SELECT. 3) Advanced operations: JOIN, subquery and transaction processing. 4) Debugging skills: Check syntax, data type and permissions. 5) Optimization suggestions: Use indexes, avoid SELECT* and use transactions.

How to view database password in Navicat for MariaDB? How to view database password in Navicat for MariaDB? Apr 08, 2025 pm 09:18 PM

Navicat for MariaDB cannot view the database password directly because the password is stored in encrypted form. To ensure the database security, there are three ways to reset your password: reset your password through Navicat and set a complex password. View the configuration file (not recommended, high risk). Use system command line tools (not recommended, you need to be proficient in command line tools).

How to execute sql in navicat How to execute sql in navicat Apr 08, 2025 pm 11:42 PM

Steps to perform SQL in Navicat: Connect to the database. Create a SQL Editor window. Write SQL queries or scripts. Click the Run button to execute a query or script. View the results (if the query is executed).

How to create a new connection to mysql in navicat How to create a new connection to mysql in navicat Apr 09, 2025 am 07:21 AM

You can create a new MySQL connection in Navicat by following the steps: Open the application and select New Connection (Ctrl N). Select "MySQL" as the connection type. Enter the hostname/IP address, port, username, and password. (Optional) Configure advanced options. Save the connection and enter the connection name.

MySQL and SQL: Essential Skills for Developers MySQL and SQL: Essential Skills for Developers Apr 10, 2025 am 09:30 AM

MySQL and SQL are essential skills for developers. 1.MySQL is an open source relational database management system, and SQL is the standard language used to manage and operate databases. 2.MySQL supports multiple storage engines through efficient data storage and retrieval functions, and SQL completes complex data operations through simple statements. 3. Examples of usage include basic queries and advanced queries, such as filtering and sorting by condition. 4. Common errors include syntax errors and performance issues, which can be optimized by checking SQL statements and using EXPLAIN commands. 5. Performance optimization techniques include using indexes, avoiding full table scanning, optimizing JOIN operations and improving code readability.

See all articles