用HAProxy来检测MySQL复制的延迟的教程_MySQL
在MySQL世界里,HAProxy 通常来作为软件负载均衡器使用。彼得.博罗什在过去的邮件中解释了如何使用percona xtradb集群(pxc)来对其设置。所以它只发送查询到可应用的节点。同样的方法可用于常规主从设置来读取负载并分散到多个从节点。不过,使用MySQL复制,另一个因素开始发挥作用:复制延迟。在这种情况下,被提及到的 Percona xtraDB 集群以及我们提出只返回“向上”或者“向下”的检查方法行不通。我们将希望依赖其复制延迟来调整内部Haproxy的一个权重。这就是我们要做的在这篇文章中使用HAProxy 1.5。
HAProxy的代理检测
HAProxy 1.5运行我们运行一个代理检测,这是一项可以添加到常规健康检测项的检测。代理检测的好处是返回值可以是‘up'或 ‘down',但也可以是个权重值。
代理是什么呢?它是一个简单的可以访问给定端口上TCP连接的程。所以,如果我们要在一台MySQL服务器上运行代理,这需要:
- 如果不运行复制的话确保服务在HAProxy上是停止的
- 如果复制延迟小于10s,设置weight为100%
- 如果延迟大于等于10s,小于50s,设置weight为50%
- 在其他情况下设置weight为5%
我们可以使用这样一个脚本:
$ less agent.php <!--?php // Simple socket server // See http://php.net/manual/en/function.stream-socket-server.php $port = $argv[1]; $mysql_port = $argv[2]; $mysql = "/usr/bin/mysql"; $user = 'haproxy'; $password = 'haproxy_pwd'; $query = "SHOW SLAVE STATUS"; function set_weight($lag){ # Write your own rules here if ($lag == 'NULL'){ return "down"; } else if ($lag < 10){ return "up 100%"; } else if ($lag -->= 10 && $lag < 60){ return "up 50%"; } else return "up 5%"; } set_time_limit(0); $socket = stream_socket_server("tcp://127.0.0.1:$port", $errno, $errstr); if (!$socket) { echo "$errstr ($errno) n"; } else { while ($conn = stream_socket_accept($socket,9999999999999)) { $cmd = "$mysql -h127.0.0.1 -u$user -p$password -P$mysql_port -Ee "$query" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master | cut -d ':' -f2 | tr -d ' '"; exec("$cmd",$lag); $weight = set_weight($lag[0]); unset($lag); fputs ($conn, $weight); fclose ($conn); } fclose($socket); } ?>
如果你希望脚本从端口6789发出连接到运行在3306端口上的MySQL实例,这样运行:
$ php agent.php 6789 3306
你还需要指定MySQL用户:
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'haproxy'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY 'haproxy_pwd';
代理启动后,你可以检测一下它是否正常运行:
# telnet 127.0.0.1 6789 Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to 127.0.0.1. Escape character is '^]'. up 100% Connection closed by foreign host.
假设它运行在本地的应用服务器上,有两个复制正在运行(192.168.10.2和192.168.10.3),应用的读请求在3307端口,你需要在HAProxy中配置一个前端和后端,像这样:
代码如下:
frontend read_only-front
bind *:3307
mode tcp
option tcplog
log global
default_backend read_only-back
backend read_only-back
mode tcp
balance leastconn
server slave1 192.168.10.2 weight 100 check agent-check agent-port 6789 inter 1000 rise 1 fall 1 on-marked-down shutdown-sessions
server slave2 192.168.10.3 weight 100 check agent-check agent-port 6789 inter 1000 rise 1 fall 1 on-marked-down shutdown-sessions
现在所有的都准备好了,现在让我们看看怎么使用HAProxy来动态的改变重滞服务器,代码如下:
代码如下:
# Slave1
$ mysql -Ee "show slave status" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
# Slave2
$ mysql -Ee "show slave status" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
# HAProxy
$ echo "show stat" | socat stdio /run/haproxy/admin.sock | cut -d ',' -f1,2,18,19
# pxname,svname,status,weight
read_only-front,FRONTEND,OPEN,
read_only-back,slave1,UP,100
read_only-back,slave2,UP,100
read_only-back,BACKEND,UP,200
时延1
代码如下:
# Slave1
$ mysql -Ee "show slave status" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
Seconds_Behind_Master: 25
# Slave2
$ mysql -Ee "show slave status" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
# echo "show stat" | socat stdio /run/haproxy/admin.sock | cut -d ',' -f1,2,18,19
# pxname,svname,status,weight
read_only-front,FRONTEND,OPEN,
read_only-back,slave1,UP,50
read_only-back,slave2,UP,100
read_only-back,BACKEND,UP,150
时延2
代码如下:
# Slave1
$ mysql -Ee "show slave status" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
# Slave2
$ mysql -Ee "show slave status" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
# echo "show stat" | socat stdio /run/haproxy/admin.sock | cut -d ',' -f1,2,18,19
# pxname,svname,status,weight
read_only-front,FRONTEND,OPEN,
read_only-back,slave1,UP,100
read_only-back,slave2,DOWN (agent),100
read_only-back,BACKEND,UP,100
结论
在HAProxy 1.5中代理检查是一个很好的新增功能。 在上面的设置中是简单的: 举例来说, 如果 HAProxy 连接代理失败,它就不会被标记。 推荐与代理检查一起,保持常规的健康度检查。
细心的读取者们(reads)将会注意到这个配置,如果在所有节点上都被复制, HAProxy将会停止发送给读取者. 这可能不是最好的解决方案。但可能的选项是:停止代理并标记服务器为UP,使用状态套接字(socket)或者添加主节点作为备份服务器。
最后一点,使用Percona工具集的pt-heartbeat替代Seconds_Behind_Master,您可以编辑代理的代码,可以对复制的延迟进行测量 。

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