Table of Contents
模拟插入数据和误操作
开始恢复
首先导入全备数据
Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL增量备份与恢复实例_MySQL

MySQL增量备份与恢复实例_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:01 PM
backup Example

小量的数据库可以每天进行完整备份,因为这也用不了多少时间,但当数据库很大时,就不太可能每天进行一次完整备份了,这时候就可以使用增量备份。增量备份的原理就是使用了mysql的binlog日志。

本次操作的MySQL版本为 5.5.40 for Linux (x86_64) 。

增量备份要确保打开了二进制日志,参考 mysql的日志系统 :

<code>mysql> <span><span>show</span> variables <span>like</span><span>'%log_bin%'</span>;</span></code>
Copy after login

首先对pak数据库做一个完整备份:

<code><span>$ </span>mysqldump -h localhost -upak -ppwd -<span>P3306</span> --master-data=<span>2</span> --single-transaction --opt pak > pak_bak_full.sql </code>
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这时候就会得到一个全备文件pak_bak_full.sql。mysqldump操作会导致滚动一次log,假设新的binlog文件是mysql-bin.000002。

模拟插入数据和误操作

a. 在pak库的某个表插入一些数据,然后执行 flush logs 命令。这时将会产生一个新的二进制日志文件mysql-bin.000003,mysql-bin.000002则保存了全备过后的所有更改,既增加记录的操作也保存在了mysql-bin.00002中。

b. 再在pak库中的t_user表中增加两条记录,然后误删除t_user表。t_user中增加记录的操作和删除表的操作都记录在mysql-bin.000003中。

开始恢复

恢复过程不要记录日志:

<code>mysql > <span><span>set</span><span>global</span> sql_log_bin=<span>0</span>;</span></code>
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首先导入全备数据

 $ mysql -h localhost -upak -ppwd < pak_bak_full.sql
或
mysql> source /path/backup/pak_bak_full.sql
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我们也可以看到全备时的binlog位置:

<code>head -50 backup-file.sql |grep &#39;CHANGE MASTER&#39; <span>-- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE=&#39;mysql-bin.000001&#39;, MASTER_LOG_POS=4321;</span></code>
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查看当前所在二进制日志中的位置:

<code>mysql> <span><span>show</span> master status;</span></code>
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根据上面两个position能大概确定需要完整恢复哪几个binlog文件。

恢复mysql-bin.000002

在待恢复的position或时间点以前、全备以后的binlog需要全部恢复,多个文件以空格隔开

<code>$ mysqlbinlog /<span>var</span>/lib/mysql/mysql-bin<span>.000002</span> | mysql -uroot -p </code>
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此时查询可以得到前两条数据。

恢复部分mysql-bin.000003

这个日志中包括了新增记录和误删表两个部分,我们需要恢复到新增记录之后、误删操作以前的位置。

如果知道误操作的命令如 DROP TABLE ,则可以通过下面的方法在binlog文件中找到误操作之前的那个position:

(如下面的信息显示,误操作 DROP TABLE 之前的pos是775,在datetime 141204 15:08:04或pos 882时完成 DROP TABLE 操作)

 $ mysqlbinlog /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000003 |grep -C 5 &#39;DROP TABLE&#39;
#141204 15:07:05 server id 1  end_log_pos 775   Xid = 376
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 775
#141204 15:08:04 server id 1  end_log_pos 882   Query   thread_id=10    exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1417676884/*!*/;
DROP TABLE `t_user` /* generated by server */
/*!*/;
# at 882
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恢复命令:

<code>$ mysqlbinlog /<span>var</span>/lib/mysql/mysql-bin<span>.000003</span> --stop-position=<span>775</span> | mysql -h localhost -uroot -p </code>
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如果position难以确定,但知道需要恢复到的确切(服务器)时间,也可以使用datetime:

<code>$ mysqlbinlog /<span>var</span>/lib/mysql/mysql-bin<span>.000003</span> --stop-datetime=<span>"2014-12-04 15:08:00"</span> | mysql -uroot -p </code>
Copy after login

如果不是误操作导致的,而是迁移数据库,那么不需要position或datetime,使用所有binlog文件增量恢复即可。

确定恢复成功后记得打开日志记录:

<code>mysql > <span><span>set</span><span>global</span> sql_log_bin=<span>1</span>;</span></code>
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报错

1. unknown variable 'default-character-set=utf8'

在使用 mysqlbinlog 查看二进制日志的时候,提示下面的错误:

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlog: unknown variable 'default-character-set=utf8'

原因是在我为了统一mysql客户端到服务端的的字符编码,在 /etc/my.cnf 文件的 [client] 、 [mysqld] 等节加入了 default-character-set = utf8 ,mysqlbinlog 会从 my.cnf 中的 [client] 读取配置,但奈何mysqlbinlog并不认识这个选项(据说是个bug)导致的。

应对这个bug的方法有两个:

第一,自然是注释到 [client] 中的这个字符集配置;

第二,改用 loose-default-character-set = utf8 。在选项前加了 loose-,表示当程序不认识此选项时会略过此选项,并给出一个警告。

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