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How to use templates in Golang

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Release： 2023-12-12 14:43:48

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Steps for using templates in Golang: 1. Use the go get command to install the template engine; 2. Create a text file containing placeholders; 3. Use the Parse() method to parse the template; 4. Use Execute() Method rendering template; 5. Parsing of template variables; 6. If the template needs to contain sub-templates, template nesting can be performed; 7. Add conditional judgment and loop control; 8. Register custom functions; 9. Comments and annotation control; 10 , use template and block tags to implement template inheritance and layout, etc.

How to use templates in Golang

# Operating system for this tutorial: Windows 10 system, Dell G3 computer.

In Golang, templates can be used to dynamically generate text output. A template is a simple text format that can contain placeholders that can be replaced with actual values at runtime. The following are the steps to use templates in Golang:

Install the template engine: Before you start using templates, you need to install the corresponding template engine. The most commonly used template engines in Golang are html/template and text/template. These libraries can be installed by executing the go get command.

go get html/template  
go get text/template

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Create a template file: Create a text file containing placeholders that will be replaced with actual values. For example, create a file named template.html with the following content:

<html>  
<body>  
<h1>{{.Title}}</h1>  
<p>{{.Content}}</p>  
</body>  
</html>

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In this example, {{.Title}} and {{.Content}} are placeholders that will be used at runtime Actual value substitution.

Parse the template: Use the template.New() function to create a new template object, and then use the Parse() method to parse the template file. For example:

package main  
  
import (  
    "html/template"  
    "os"  
)  
  
func main() {  
    t, err := template.New("mytemplate").Parse(`  
        <html>  
        <body>  
        <h1>{{.Title}}</h1>  
        <p>{{.Content}}</p>  
        </body>  
        </html>`)  
    if err != nil {  
        panic(err)  
    }  
    // 接下来使用模板对象t进行渲染  
}

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Rendering the template: Pass the actual value to the template using the Execute() method and generate the final text output. For example:

package main  
  
import (  
    "html/template"  
    "os"  
)  
  
func main() {  
    t, err := template.New("mytemplate").Parse(`  
        <html>  
        <body>  
        <h1>{{.Title}}</h1>  
        <p>{{.Content}}</p>  
        </body>  
        </html>`)  
    if err != nil {  
        panic(err)  
    }  
    data := struct {  
        Title string  
        Content string  
    }{"Welcome to my site", "Enjoy your stay!"} // 实际的数据结构，其中Title和Content是字段名  
    err = t.Execute(os.Stdout, data) // 将数据传递给模板并生成最终的文本输出到标准输出流(os.Stdout)  
    if err != nil {  
        panic(err)  
    }  
}

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Parsing of template variables:In the template, you can use the placeholder {{}} to declare variables and access the value of the variable through . For example, you can use {{.Title}} in a template to reference the value of the Title field.

Template nesting: If the template needs to contain a sub-template, you can use the {{template}} tag to declare the sub-template, and use the {{end}} tag in the template to end the sub-template. Template declaration.

Conditional judgment and loop control: You can use {{if}}, {{else}}, {{end}} and other tags in the template to implement conditional judgment. Use {{ range}} tag to implement loop control.

Custom functions: You can register custom functions in Go programs and use these functions in templates for calculations, string operations, etc.

Comments and comment control: You can use {{/* */}} to declare comments, and use {{/*# ... */}} to control the display of comments.

Template inheritance and layout: You can use {{template}} and {{block}} to implement template inheritance and layout, and build common template parts and specific templates through inheritance and overwriting. Template section.

Template in Go language is a simple but powerful text generation tool that can be used to generate various text outputs, such as HTML, XML, JSON, etc. By mastering the use of templates, you can easily and dynamically generate text output, improving development efficiency and code readability.

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