How to use golang for packaging

Golang can be packaged through static compilation or dynamic linking. Detailed introduction: 1. The steps of static compilation and packaging are writing code, static compilation and cross-compiling; 2. The steps of dynamic linking and packaging are writing code, introducing dependencies and compiling to generate executable files. In general, static compilation and packaging is suitable for programs that need to be distributed to different environments and do not want to rely on the system environment, while dynamic link packaging is suitable for situations where the program size is small and can rely on the system environment.

Operating system for this tutorial: Windows 10 system, Go 1.20.1 version, DELL G3 computer.

There are two common ways of packaging in Golang, one is static compilation and packaging, and the other is dynamic link packaging. Below I will introduce the specific steps and principles of these two packaging methods in detail.

1. Static compilation and packaging

Static compilation and packaging is to compile all the dependent libraries of the program into an executable file to generate an independent executable without additional dependencies. executable file. The advantage is that it is easy to distribute and deploy, but the disadvantage is that the size of the executable file will be relatively large. The following are the basic steps for packaging using static compilation:

• Writing code: Write a Golang program and ensure that all libraries used in the program are standard libraries or have been statically compiled to executable library in the file.

• Static compilation: Use the cross-compilation function provided by the Golang tool chain, specify the target operating system and architecture by setting the environment variables GOOS and GOARCH, and then use go build Compile with the command and generate an executable file corresponding to the platform.

• Cross-compilation: If you need to run on different operating system platforms, you can use cross-compilation, such as compiling Linux executable files on Windows:

GOOS=linux 
GOARCH=amd64 go build -o output-file-name main.go

2. Dynamic link packaging

Dynamic link packaging is to package the libraries that the program depends on into dynamic link libraries. The program itself only contains logic code and needs to rely on the system at runtime. The dynamic link library that has been installed in the. Its advantage is that the executable file is smaller in size, but it needs to ensure that the corresponding dynamic link library has been installed on the target system. Here are the basic steps for packaging using dynamic linking:

• Writing the code: Again, first write the Golang program.

• Introduce dependencies: Use the import statement to introduce external libraries required by the program. These libraries usually exist in the form of dynamic link libraries.

• Compile and generate executable files: use go build Command to compile the program. The generated executable file does not contain dependent dynamic link libraries, so you need to ensure that the relevant dynamic link libraries have been installed in the system before running.

In general, static compilation and packaging is suitable for programs that need to be distributed to different environments and do not want to rely on the system environment, while dynamic link packaging is suitable for programs with smaller size requirements. And can depend on the system environment.

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