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mysqlupdate修改多条数据_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:02 PM
data

通常情况下,我们会使用以下SQL语句来更新字段值:
复制代码代码如下:
UPDATE mytable SET myfield='value' WHERE other_field='other_value';

但是,如果你想更新多行数据,并且每行记录的各字段值都是各不一样,你会怎么办呢?举个例子,我的博客有三个分类目录(免费资源、教程指南、橱窗展示),这些分类目录的信息存储在数据库表categories中,并且设置了显示顺序字段 display_order,每个分类占一行记录。如果我想重新编排这些分类目录的顺序,例如改成(教程指南、橱窗展示、免费资源),这时就需要更新categories表相应行的display_order字段,这就涉及到更新多行记录的问题了,刚开始你可能会想到使用循环执行多条UPDATE语句的方式,就像以下的php程序示例:
复制代码代码如下:
foreach ($display_order as $id => $ordinal) {
$sql="UPDATE categories SET display_order = $ordinal WHERE id = $id";
mysql_query($sql);
}

这种方法并没有什么任何错误,并且代码简单易懂,但是在循环语句中执行了不止一次SQL查询,在做系统优化的时候,我们总是想尽可能的减少数据库查询的次数,以减少资源占用,同时可以提高系统速度。
幸运的是,还有更好的解决方案,下面列举两种常用的方案只不过SQL语句稍微复杂点,但是只需执行一次查询即可,语法如下:

?第一种:IF--THEN语句结合
复制代码代码如下:
UPDATE mytable
SET myfield = CASE other_field
WHEN 1 THEN 'value'
WHEN 2 THEN 'value'
WHEN 3 THEN 'value'
END
WHERE id IN (1,2,3)

回到我们刚才的分类目录的例子,我们可以使用以下SQL语句:
复制代码代码如下:
UPDATE categories
SET display_order = CASE id
WHEN 1 THEN 3
WHEN 2 THEN 4
WHEN 3 THEN 5
END,
title = CASE id
WHEN 1 THEN 'New Title 1'
WHEN 2 THEN 'New Title 2'
WHEN 3 THEN 'New Title 3'
END
WHERE id IN (1,2,3)

以上方案大大减少了数据库的查询操作次数,大大节约了系统资源,但是该怎样与我们的编程语言结合起来呢?我们还是用刚才分类目录的例子,以下是php的程序示例:
复制代码代码如下:
$display_order = array(
1 => 4,
2 => 1,
3 => 2,
4 => 3,
5 => 9,
6 => 5,
7 => 8,
8 => 9
);
$ids = implode(',', array_keys($display_order));
$sql = "UPDATE categories SET display_order = CASE id ";
foreach ($display_order as $id => $ordinal) {
$sql .= sprintf("WHEN %d THEN %d ", $id, $ordinal); // 拼接SQL语句
}
$sql .= "END WHERE id IN ($ids)";
echo $sql;
mysql_query($sql);

在这个例子中总共更新了8行数据,但是只执行了一次数据库查询,相比于循环执行8次UPDATE语句,以上例子所节约的时间可以说是微不足道的。但是想想,当你需要更新10,0000或者更多行记录时,你会发现这其中的好处!唯一要注意的问题是SQL语句的长度,需要考虑程序运行环境所支持的字符串长度,我目前获得的数据:SQL语句长度达到1,000,960在php中仍然可以顺利执行,我查询了php文档并没有发现明确规定字符串最大长度。

?第二种INSERT方式
MySql中INSERT语法具有一个条件DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE,这个语法和适合用在需要判断记录是否存在,不存在则插入存在则更新的记录。
基于上面这种情况,针对更新记录,仍然使用insert语句,不过限制主键重复时,更新字段。如下:
复制代码代码如下:
INSERT INTO t_member (id, name, email) VALUES
(1, 'nick', 'nick@126.com'),
(4, 'angel','angel@163.com'),
(7, 'brank','ba198@126.com')
ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE name=VALUES(name), email=VALUES(email);

注意:ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE只是MySQL的特有语法,并不是SQL标准语法!

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